Heirs of Ramírez de Arellano v. Superior Court
Heirs of Ramírez de Arellano v. Superior Court
Opinion of the Court
delivered the opinion of the Court.
As in Piovanetti v. Vivaldi (decided also today), this case raises a question of collection of interest in a summary foreclosure proceeding. The parties herein agreed in the loan contract, secured by mortgage, that the principal would be paid “. . . in the term of three years, as of the date of this deed (January 15, 1927) . . . with interest on the loan, during its effectiveness, at the rate of nine per cent per annum payable on monthly instalments ivhen due.” We must decide whether said stipulation of interest, contrary to the stipulation in issue in the Piovanetti case, allowed the foreclosing creditor to claim interest within the summary foreclosure proceeding at the rate of nine per cent per annum after maturity of the debt, that is to say, after the term of the loan contract had expired, or if the interest could only be claimed at the legal rate of six per cent per annum as of the time the debtor defaulted. For the reasons stated herein, we believe that the only interest that could be claimed was interest at the legal rate.
In the action for the annulment of the summary foreclosure proceeding, the defendants (petitioners herein) moved for summary judgment on the basis that, pursuant to the stipulations of the loan contract and the mortgage, the foreclosing creditor was entitled to claim default interest at the rate of nine per cent per annum from the date of maturity until full payment of the debt. The respondent court dismissed the motion on the following ground: “It is true
In order to unravel the meaning of the phrase “the effectiveness of the loan,” we must bear in mind the context in which it is used by the parties. Here, the mortgagor bound himself to pay the principal of the loan in a three-year term. Immediately thereafter he bound himself to pay interest by virtue of the phraseology “ . . . with interest on the loan, during its effectiveness, at the rate of nine per cent per annum payable on monthly instalments when due.” The word effectiveness in that case refers to the term or duration of the loan contract, which the interested parties had fixed in three years. The specified maturity date of the indebtedness, namely, the date when the obligation to pay arose pursuant to the agreement between the parties, determines here the limit of the effectiveness of the “loan”, which elliptically means “the loan contract.”
Actually, for other purposes the contract is only extinguished by rescission, annulment, or any of- the general causes for the extinguishment of the obligations, the normal eause being the payment or performance of the obligation. But the case contemplated here is different because a term was essentially fixed for the performance of the contract. On the date fixed by both parties, by mutual agreement, the
The intent of the parties, in the present case, was obviously to agree on the payment of interest solely for the duration of the contract. It would constitute a distortion of the normal sense of the words to say that effectiveness of the loan means here “until its total reimbursement or until full payment of the loan,” or “until the indebtedness is fully settled,” for the obligation had a fixed maturity date. Cf. Buil v. Banco Popular, 69 P.R.R. 248 (1948).
Therefore, in the foreclosure proceeding the creditor claimed interest at nine per cent per annum after maturity of the term of the loan contract, when actually he could only collect legal interest as of the date the debtor defaulted, since there was no express agreement as to interest at the rate of nine per cent after maturity of the debt or on default. It is unquestionable that such an action renders void the mortgage foreclosure proceeding. See Piovanetti v. Vivaldi, ante, p. 108, and cases cited therein.
Therefore, the lower court did not err in entering the order challenged here dismissing the motion for summary judgment filed by petitioners. The writ issued must be quashed and the case remanded to the Superior Court for further proceedings not inconsistent with this opinion.
Case-law data current through December 31, 2025. Source: CourtListener bulk data.