People v. Bonilla Figueroa
People v. Bonilla Figueroa
Opinion of the Court
The defendant is prosecuted for stealing a typewriter of the Bureau of Income Tax. On the day of the events for
When he delivered the printed matter he said that he was in a hurry and could not wait until the checking was done. When work was resumed at 1:00 p.m. one of the clerks noticed that an electric typewriter was missing. An investigation was conducted and notice given to the proper authorities. The following day a detective got in touch with the defendant and informed him that an investigation was being made on the disappearance of a typewriter from the Bureau of Income Tax. At police headquarters the defendant informs the detective that in fact, the previous day, when he reached the fifth floor for the purpose of taking some return forms to the office “he saw a young man carrying a typewriter, that he set it on the floor when he called his attention, ran down the stairway, the regular stairway of the building, and disappeared; thereupon he took the typewriter which was on the floor and put it in the pasteboard box which he had in his hand and decided
The typewriter which the defendant handed to the police was the same typewriter which had disappeared from the Bureau of Income Tax.
That was the evidence before the jury before finding him guilty. The judge imposed a penalty of one to two years’ imprisonment in the penitentiary at hard labor.
In support of his petition the appellant assigns four errors. The first error is to the effect that the trial judge questioned the prosecution witnesses frequently and made improper remarks in the course of the hearing of the evidence, thereby invading the function of the jury and depriving the appellant of an impartial or fair trial. The second is to the effect that the district attorney commented on the defendant’s silence and that the court did not reject vigorously his comments. The third is to the effect that it permitted that the value of the stolen article be determined on the basis of the testimony of a witness who was not an expert in this matter. The fourth and last is to the effect that the verdict and the judgment are contrary to the evidence.
Regarding the first error, we have examined in detail all the incidents of the trial and studied carefully the evidence heard before the gentlemen of the jury. We do not believe that the actions and comments of the judge which appellant claims prejudiced his cause could have had any adverse effect on the jury. Clearly, the judge did not intervene any more than the judges who preside criminal cases. There is nothing to show that the defendant was prejudiced by
The second error seems highly superficial. The exposition thereof will prove it. When the defense attorney asks a witness to place the stolen typewriter in a pasteboard box, which according to a witness’ testimony was more or less the same as that which the defendant was carrying on the day of the occurrence, the district attorney asked why not ask the defendant to do it. Obviously, this is not a comment on the defendant’s silence. Moreover, the judge forthwith instructed the jury to disregard the district attorney’s comment, which was clearly improper.
The third assignment is also without merit. In order to fix the value of a stolen article an expert’s testimony is not necessary. We have held that the testimony to that effect of the owner of the stolen article is sufficient. People v. Rivera, 75 P.R.R. 282 (1953). Furthermore, evidence on the original cost of the typewriter was introduced in this case and the acting assistant director of the Bureau testified that its value was $500. This is sufficient to fix its value.
The fourth assignment challenges the sufficiency of the evidence. The exposition which we have made of the latter and that made by the appellant in his brief in discussing this error, if believed by the jury, proves the guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. It constitutes evidence, circumstantial in certain aspects, but we already said in People v. Bonilla, 78
“Circumstantial evidence in this respect is intrinsically no different from testimonial evidence. Admittedly, circumstantial evidence may in some cases point to a wholly incorrect result. Yet this is equally true of testimonial evidence. In both instances, a jury is asked to weigh the chances that the evidence correctly points to guilt against the possibility of inaccuracy or ambiguous inference. In both, the jury must use its experience with people and events in weighing the probabilities. If the jury is convinced beyond a reasonable doubt, we can require no more.”
Furthermore, the fact is that the defendant benefited by the presiding judge’s concept of how the jury ought to weigh the circumstantial evidence. Despite the holding in People v. Bonilla, supra, the judge charged the jury that:
“... in cases of presumptive evidence it is necessary to prove facts which are not only compatible with the defendant’s guilt, but also incompatible with every reasonable hypothesis of his innocence, always bearing in mind the evidence introduced and not the imagination.”
This instruction was clearly beneficial to the defendant, since in weighing the evidence the jury was bound by the judge’s instructions to reach the conclusion that the evidence heard “was incompatible with every reasonable hypothesis of his innocence.”
The judgment appealed from will be affirmed.
Case-law data current through December 31, 2025. Source: CourtListener bulk data.