People v. Zalduondo Fontánez
People v. Zalduondo Fontánez
Opinion of the Court
and Mr. Justice Ramírez Bages. Mr. Justice Blanco Lugo delivered the opinion of the Court.
In People v. Monroig, 87 P.R.R. 622 (1963), we said that where the result of the analysis of the blood sample taken on a person charged with operating a motor vehicle under the influence of intoxicating liquor shows the presence of fifteen hundredths of one percent, or more, by weight of alcohol, such person is bound to overcome the effect of the presumption referred to in subd. (b) (3) of § 5-801 of the Vehicle and Traffic Law of Puerto Rico, No. 141 of July 20, 1960, 9 L.P.R.A. § 1041, and if he fails to do so, the evidence on the result of the analysis is sufficient to support the conviction. In the same sense, People v. Díaz, Per Curiam decided September 30, 1963; People v. Riego, 87 P.R.R. 554 (1963). Hence, the importance in the present case of the error assigned to the trial court in refusing to order the verification analysis of the third sample in view of the discrepancy between the official analysis — which showed a result of 20/100 by weight of alcohol — and the private analysis made at the request of the accused, the result of which was 14/100 by weight of alcohol.
The evidence introduced by the district attorney on the conduct and condition of appellant established without doubt the presence of alcoholic breath, but this fact would not be sufficient by itself to hold that the offense charged was committed. Furthermore, the testimonies of the prosecution witnesses are of an essentially exculpatory nature. Dr. José M. Díaz Pérez, who took the urine samples, testified that with the exception of the smell of liquor emitted by defendant — which he termed as fair — he did not present any other sign of intoxication, for he did not observe dila
These facts stand out better under the circumstances of exception which we considered in People v. Galleti Rodríguez, 88 P.R.R. 275 (1963). The doctrine on the matter which we summed up in People v. Vélez Ruiz, ante, p. 51, and its predecessors People v. López Rodríguez, 88 P.R.R. 459 (1963); People v. De Jesús Marrero, 88 P.R.R. 150 (1963); People v. Gregory, Per Curiam decided March 21, 1963; People v. Comas, 87 P.R.R. 640 (1963); People v. Soto, 87 P.R.R. 653 (1963); People v. Riego, supra; People v. Quiles, 87 P.R.R. 464 (1963), and People v. Ordein, 86 P.R.R. 458 (1962), are not applicable to it.
It may be asserted that the only evidence on which appellant’s conviction rests is the result of the analysis of the first sample. It is necessary, therefore, to examine the facts relating to defendant’s request for a verification analysis. The urine samples were taken on April 22, 1962; the analysis of the first sample was made by the Department of Health on May 2; the information was filed nine days later, on May 11;
Section 5-803 (f) of the Vehicle and Traffic Law, 9 L.P.R.A. § 1043(f), reads as follows:
“All blood smears or urine samples shall be divided into three portions: One shall be delivered to the person arrested so that he may have it analyzed by a chemist of his choice, if he so desires, and the other two shall be kept for the use of the Department of Health; one to be used in the chemical analysis required under this section, and the other to be kept for analysis only by direction of the court in case of discrepancy between the official analysis and the analysis privately made by order of the defendant.”
From the provisions copied above it does not appear that a specific term has been fixed for requesting a verification analysis.
“In the case of milk adulteration, the verifying analysis, if so requested by the interested party, shall be performed within a term of 10 days from the time that the person, in whose name the sample of milk was collected, is duly notified of the adulteration; provided, that, in meritorious cases, and if good reasons are presented, this period can be extended for 5 additional days. Verifying analysis shall never be performed after 15 days of the notification of the adulteration or in the case that the milk is acid.
“The term for verifying analysis for nonperishable food products shall be 20 days from the time that the adulteration notification is presented to the interested person. But this term*69 can be extended for 10 additional days provided the above-mentioned conditions prevail.”
Considering the evidentiary effect of the presumptions established by the Act in relation to the findings of the analyses of the samples, and in view of the possibility that there may exist error in the analyses, it is easy to understand that the legislative purpose in incorporating the analysis of the third sample was to guarantee to the citizen an opportunity to verify the correctness of the findings whenever there is discrepancy between the analyses made. In order to do so, it is necessary to establish the existence of discrepancy' between the official analysis and the analysis privately made upon instructions of defendant, according to our ruling in People v. Cruz Rivera, 88 P.R.R. 321 (1963). It is not a mere additional opportunity given to defendant, as alleged by the Solicitor General in referring to a phrase of our opinion in Cruz, supra, particularly if we consider that the request for verification entails the waiver of the challenge of the genuineness of the sample and of the regularity of the sampling procedure, People v. Diaz, supra. We therefore hold that the court is bound to order the verification analysis whenever defendant so requests after the existence of discrepancy is established.
We have not overlooked the possibility that the third sample which is kept in the laboratory of the Department of Health may spoil or become useless, either because of the time elapsed since the taking or because of any other factor which the chemists are bound to explain. If such were the ease, this fact may be established before the court and could constitute reasonable justification for not making the verification analysis.
Although we have recognized defendant’s right to a verification analysis, the request therefor must be presented diligently and sufficiently in advance of the date set for the trial. Cf. People v. Diaz, 63 P.R.R. 948 (1944), and People v. De Jesús, 63 P.R.R. 706 (1944), in connection with motions for dismissal; Rule 234 of the Rules of Criminal Procedure of 1963, on motion for suppression of evidence. This would prevent it from becoming an escape for procuring the continuance of the hearing. Defendant would be bound to state the circumstances which prevented him from requesting it prior to the date of the hearing, if that were the case.
In the instant case the trial court denied defendant’s request for the verification analysis made four days prior to the hearing. It alleged as ground that it was belated. Yet, since the trial was continued to July 20
Considering all the concurring circumstances herein, particularly that the only evidence to support the conviction
The judgment rendered by the Superior Court, Mayagiiez Part, on August 6, 1962, will be reversed and defendant acquitted.
The former Regulations No. 27 of the Secretary of Health, approved November 15, 1954, relative to blood and urine sampling, did not fix any term either.
As to milk samples, see also § 116 of Regulations No. 96, approved by the Insular Board of Health on June 1, 1934, 24 R.&R.P.R. § 790-116. Cf. § XI of the Racing Regulations approved February 23, 1962, especially § 1H4.
In addition to the literature cited in People v. Superior Court, 84 P.R.R. 378 (1962), relative to analyses for determining the degree of alcoholic intoxication, see Gerber, Practical Use of Results of Bio
It is not stated at the request of which of the parties the continuance was granted. Appellant alleges in his brief that it was at the request of the district attorney, and it so seems to appear from the minutes since it is said therein that the court ordered that witness José Espola and the chemist be summoned.
The continuance to this date was procured by the district attorney because of the absence of one of his key witnesses.
Case-law data current through December 31, 2025. Source: CourtListener bulk data.