InMed Diagnostic Services, L.L.C. v. MedQuest Associates, Inc.
InMed Diagnostic Services, L.L.C. v. MedQuest Associates, Inc.
Opinion of the Court
This appeal arises out of a dispute among competing providers of magnetic resonance imaging (“MRI”) services. Med-Quest Associates, Inc., Palmetto Imaging, Inc., and Open MRI of Florence, Inc. (collectively “MedQuest”) appeal a jury verdict in favor of InMed Diagnostic Services, L.L.C. (“InMed”) under the Unfair Trade Practices Act (“UTPA”). InMed cross-appeals, arguing error in the award of attorney fees and the trial court’s refusal to award treble damages. We reverse the jury verdict.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
The State Certification of Need and Health Facility Licensure Act (“CON Act”)
DHEC regulations define “total project cost” as “the estimated total capital cost of a project including land cost,
MedQuest, formed in 1994, operates six facilities in South Carolina that provide outpatient diagnostic imaging services, including MRI services. In 1998, MedQuest began negotiating with Siemens, a supplier of MRI machines, for the purchase of new MRI machines.
InMed, a competing provider of outpatient diagnostic imaging services, was formed in 1998, when its founder, Robert Adams, purchased the assets of Image Trust, an MRI provider in Florence and Columbia that had ceased operations. Adams subsequently purchased replacement MRI machines for both locations and obtained a NAD for the Florence acquisition.
Both InMed and MedQuest challenged each other’s NAD for their Florence locations. InMed asserted that MedQuest substantially understated the cost of its MRI equipment in its application to DHEC for a NAD. MedQuest asserted that InMed should have included a trade-in allowance for used equipment in the total cost of the project. The appeals went before the Administrative Law Judge Division (“ALJD”);
Several months later, InMed commenced the present action by filing a complaint in the Richland County Circuit Court. In its amended complaint, InMed alleged that the individual defendants “combined and conspired with each other to provide false and fictitious information to DHEC concerning MedQuest’s MRI equipment costs for its facilities in Columbia and Florence.” The complaint also alleged unfair trade practices, common law unfair competition, interference with prospective contractual relations, and civil conspiracy.
MedQuest answered InMed’s complaint, alleging several affirmative defenses, including (1) that exclusive jurisdiction lay with the ALJD, (2) that InMed had failed to exhaust its administrative remedies, and (3) that InMed’s cause of action under the UTPA should be dismissed because MedQuest’s conduct was controlled by the CON Act and thus was not subject to liability under the Act.
In a form order dated December 6, 2001, and again in a formal order dated February 20, 2002, the circuit court granted summary judgment as to all causes of action against Siemens. The circuit court also granted summary judgment in favor of MedQuest as to the civil conspiracy and interference with prospective contractual relations claims; however, summary judgment was denied as to the UTPA and common law unfair competition claims.
InMed’s remaining two claims were then tried to a jury from December 10-13, 2001. During the course of the trial, InMed dropped the common law unfair competition claim, and only the UTPA claim went to the jury. The jury returned a verdict for InMed, awarding $2,107,898 in damages.
On December 19, 2001, MedQuest moved for judgment notwithstanding the verdict, or in the alternative, for a new trial. The next day, InMed moved for treble damages and attorney fees. In a form order dated January 10, 2002, the circuit court denied both motions, noting further that attorney fees would be set following a hearing on the matter. On February 4 and 6, 2002, MedQuest and InMed, respectively, appealed the denial of their motions.
On appeal, MedQuest argues the UTPA is inapplicable to InMed’s lawsuit because the purchase of medical equipment is specifically regulated by DHEC. MedQuest also argues that InMed’s abandonment of its appeal before the ALJD barred it from seeking relief in the circuit court. Finally, MedQuest contends that, even assuming its actions were subject to the UTPA, there was no evidence of a UTPA violation.
In its cross-appeal, InMed argues that the circuit court erred by refusing to award treble damages on its cause of action for unfair trade practices. InMed further asks that the attorney fees award of $100,000 be vacated and the matter remanded to the circuit court for appropriate findings as required by the controlling case law.
LAW/ANALYSIS
MedQuest first argues the UTPA is inapplicable to this case because medical equipment purchases are “actions or transactions permitted under laws administered by any regulatory body or officer acting under statutory authority of this state ... or actions or transactions permitted by any other South Carolina law,” which are specifically excluded under section 39-5-40(a).
The exemption provided in section 39-5-40(a) was first interpreted in State ex rel. McLeod v. Rhoades.
Several years later, however, in Ward v. Dick Dyer & Associates, the supreme court determined the general activity test “would not fulfill the intent of the Legislature in prohibiting unfair trade practices”
The purpose of the exemption is to insure that a business is not subjected to a lawsuit under the Act when it does something required by law, or does something that would otherwise be a violation of the Act, but which is allowed under other statutes or regulations. It is intended to avoid conflict between laws, not to exclude from the Act’s coverage every activity that is authorized or regulated by another statute or agency. Virtually every activity is regulated to some degree. The defendant’s interpretation of the exemption would deprive consumers of a meaningful remedy in many situations.12
In the present case, InMed argues the UTPA exemption should not apply to MedQuest’s actions because “[t]he CON Act does not allow the provision of deceptive information to DHEC in order to evade the requirements of the CON Act.” We agree, however, with MedQuest that this is an unduly narrow interpretation of the law. Whether MedQuest submitted accurate information in support of its NAD applications was necessarily for DHEC to determine as part of the administrative process in deciding whether or not to grant such applications.
The stated purpose of the CON Act is “to promote cost containment, prevent unnecessary duplication of health care
In carrying out the legislative purpose of the CON Act, DHEC has adopted Regulation 61-15, entitled “Certification of Need for Health Facilities and Services.”
We agree with MedQuest that the regulatory exemption in section 39-5-40(a) is based on the concept that the legislature has determined certain matters are appropriate for resolution by administrative agencies with particular expertise, rather than by the general jurisdiction of a trial court.
Ward concerned the failure of an automobile dealership to inform the plaintiffs that a car it sold to them had been involved in an accident.
In contrast, the specific transaction at issue in the present controversy is MedQuest’s application for a NAD, a process
We therefore hold the circuit court erred in declining to hold that, as a matter of law, the regulatory exemption of section 39-5-40 of the UTPA applies to this lawsuit and bars InMed’s UTPA claim. Because our determination of this issue controls the case, we need not address MedQuest’s remaining arguments or InMed’s cross-appeal concerning treble damages and attorney fees.
REVERSED.
. S.C.Code Ann. §§ 44-7-110 to -370 (2002).
. Id. § 44-7-160(6); 24A S.C.Code Ann. Regs. 61-15 § 102(f) (Supp. 2003).
. See 24A S.C.Code Ann. Regs. 61-15 § 102.3 (Supp. 2003) (“When any question exists, a potential applicant shall forward a letter requesting a formal determination by [DHEC] as to the applicability of the certificate of need requirements to a particular project.”).
. M. §103.25.
. Siemens was also originally named as a defendant, but was granted summary judgment and dismissed from the action. InMed has challenged this ruling in a separate appeal.
. The purchase prices presented to DHEC for the two machines at issue in this dispute were $365,000 for the Florence location and $395,000 for the Columbia facility.
. S.C.Code Ann. § 39-5-40(a) (1985).
. 275 S.C. 104, 267 S.E.2d 539 (1980).
. Id. at 105, 267 S.E.2d at 540.
. Id. at 107, 267 S.E.2d at 541.
. Ward v. Dick Dyer & Assocs., 304 S.C. 152, 155, 403 S.E.2d 310, 312 (1991).
. Id. at 156, 403 S.E.2d at 312 (quoting Skinner v. Steele, 730 S.W.2d 335, 337 (Tenn.Ct.App. 1987)).
. S.C.Code Ann. § 44-7-120 (2003).
. Id. § 44-7-140 (emphasis added).
. Id. § 44-7-150(3).
. 24A S.C.Code Ann. Regs. § 61-15 (Supp. 2003).
. Id. § 104.
. Id. § 101.
. See, e.g., Unisys Corp. v. South Carolina Budget and Control Bd., 346 S.C. 158, 176, 551 S.E.2d 263, 273 (2001) (holding transactions under the Consolidated Procurement Code are exempt from the UTPA); South Carolina Dep’t of Health & Envtl. Control v. Armstrong, 293 S.C. 209, 215-16, 359 S.E.2d 302, 305 (Ct.App. 1987) ("The evaluation of the adequacy of a sewage disposal system is uniquely within the competency of DHEC, not the courts.... By interfering with DHEC's final decision on Armstrong's application, the trial judge deprived the de
. Ward, 304 S.C. at 155, 403 S.E.2d at 312.
. Id. at 154, 403 S.E.2d at 311.
. See S.C.Code Ann. §§ 56-15-10 through -360 (1991 & Supp. 2003). The references to Dick Dyer's arguments are taken from the Respondent's Brief for Dick Dyer & Associates at 6-7, Ward v. Dick Dyer & Assocs., 304 S.C. 152, 403 S.E.2d 310 (1991).
.Cf. Smith v. Globe Life Ins. Co., 460 Mich. 446, 597 N.W.2d 28, 38 (1999) ("[WJe conclude that the relevant inquiry is not whether the
. Anyone "undertaking any activity requiring certificate of need review” without approval from DHEC is subject to penalty as provided by South Carolina Code sections 44-7-320 through -340. 24A S.C.Code Ann. Regs. § 61-15.702. Sections 44-7-320 through -340 authorize DHEC to deny, suspend, or revoke licenses; to institute lawsuits for violations of the CON Act; and to subject persons or facilities violating the Act to criminal liability. S.C.Code Ann. §§ 44-7-320 through -340 (2002).
. Ward, 304 S.C. at 155, 403 S.E.2d at 312.
. See Futch v. McAllister Towing of Georgetown, Inc., 335 S.C. 598, 613, 518 S.E.2d 591, 598 (1999) (ruling an appellate court need not
Reference
- Full Case Name
- INMED DIAGNOSTIC SERVICES, L.L.C. v. MEDQUEST ASSOCIATES, INC., Palmetto Imaging, Inc., and Open MRI of Florence, Inc., Appellants-Respondents
- Cited By
- 5 cases
- Status
- Published