Walters v. Harden
Walters v. Harden
Opinion of the Court
OPINION and ORDER
The petitioner is a State prisoner who, following indictment in Oconee County,
(1) That the verdict was contrary to the weight of the evidence;
(2) That the verdict was not supported by substantial evidence;
(3) That he “was promised proba- . tion if he would plead guilty.”
The petitioner concluded his petition with the statement that he felt his “lawyer was predijust (prejudiced) against me and did not try to defend me in all his power. I only seen (saw) my lawyer about twice.” Specifically, he requested the appointment of counsel to represent him in such habeas corpus proceeding.
Acting promptly on the petition, the State Court appointed counsel to represent the petitioner in the proceedings in habeas corpus and, in due time, held a hearing. Prior to such hearing the petitioner had been brought from the State Penitentiary in Columbia to Walhalla to facilitate conferences between him and his appointed counsel. At the hearing, the transcript of the proceedings at which petitioner entered his plea was reviewed and statements were received from appointed counsel in the original proceedings, from appointed counsel in the habeas corpus proceedings, and from the Solicitor who had handled the prosecution. The petitioner, though, did not testify; in fact, it is not clear whether he was present.
The transcript of the proceedings, whereat the petitioner entered his plea, and which was reviewed at this first State habeas corpus hearing, evidences clearly the painstaking and exacting manner in which the Presiding Judge performed his duty of satisfying himself that the plea entered by the petitioner had been freely, voluntarily and intelligently made. Specifically, he inquired whether petitioner was “fully satisfied” with the representation given him by his appointed counsel, whether such appointed counsel had discussed his case “fully” with him, including his right to a jury trial and the possible sentences to which his plea exposed him, and whether anyone had “threatened, intimidated or coerced” him to plead guilty or made any promises to him. To all such inquiries, he replied in the negative. Finally, the Court asked him whether he was “pleading guilty because you (he) are (is) guilty.” In answer to this question, the petitioner did not reply mechanically but, demonstrating his own understanding of the proceeding and the nature of his specific plea, he answered, “Yes sir, to the third count”.
Following the review of the transcript of the trial, the Court received statements from the counsel who had participated in the proceedings. Petitioner’s appointed trial counsel detailed his connection with the petitioner’s case. He confirmed petitioner’s statement that he had seen the petitioner only two or three times before his plea. However, such counsel emphasized that, during such interviews, he discussed fully with the petitioner “the matter”. And this statement was confirmed by the petitioner in his interviews later with counsel appointed to represent him in the habeas corpus proceeding. The only complaint that petitioner expressed to his habeas corpus counsel was not directed at any want of diligence on the part of his trial counsel but dealt with the circumstance “that the Solicitor kept reducing the sentence (charges)” against him. As the Court remarked, this referred to the agreement of the Solicitor to accept a plea to the third count of the indictment and to dismiss the more serious counts. Particularly, the Court wished to be assured during the hearing by the court-appointed trial counsel that, prior to his plea, the petitioner had had fully explained to him the elements of the crime to which he was pleading, especially that he knew or had reasonable grounds to know that the goods he received had been stolen. Counsel stated that he had so explained the elements of the crime to which petitioner was pleading guilty. Finally, after calling on all counsel as officers of the Court to advise him of any promises of probation made the petitioner and being assured that there were none, the State Court refused the writ. From such denial no appeal was taken.
Thereafter, petitioner filed a second petition in habeas corpus in the State Court. His grounds in this petition were (1) that he was denied a preliminary hearing;
The petitioner has now filed his petition for a writ of habeas corpus in this Court, basing his claim for relief on the denial of effective representation. He, also, referred to the fact that, at the hearing in habeas corpus in the State Court, he “was never heard”.
It was not clear from the record before me that the petitioner had ever specifically raised in the State Court the issue of effective representation or that the State Court had ever ruled on such issue. Actually, the decision of the State Court was apparently limited to the third ground stated in the first petition, i. e., that petitioner was “promised probation if he would plead guilty.” However, in his first petition, the petitioner had adverted — perhaps obliquely but in some detail — to the issue of ineffective representation and, in its hearing on such petition, the State Court did inquire into the satisfactoriness of appointed counsel, which, of course, went to that issue. I have accordingly assumed that such issue was presented, though perhaps not as fully or clearly as it should have been, to the State Court.
Upon the hearing before me, it was conceded that on the morning following a store robbery in Walhall.a, during
In some way not explained in the record, the police authorities learned that the gun was in the possession of the petitioner’s friend. When the friend was interviewed by the authorities, he told the authorities that he was merely keeping it for the petitioner. After being interrogated, the petitioner was arrested. At the next convening of the grand jury, he was indicted and counsel was appointed to represent-him. He reviewed with his appointed counsel on two or three occasions his case. He denied that he was guilty of housebreaking and larceny but conceded readily both that he was guilty of the crime of receiving stolen goods as charged in the indictment and
There was some inquiry during the hearing, prompted largely by the Court itself, as to the value of the pistol stolen. This inquiry was prompted by the statement of the petitioner’s trial counsel that he understood that the actual value of the stolen pistol was about $20. Since the statute creating the crime of receiving stolen goods makes a substantial difference when the stolen goods have a value of $20 and over and where they have a value under $20, I wished to be assured on the value of the stolen article. I recognized, of course, that the petitioner, through his counsel, had described at the trial the stolen article as a “good pistol” and one that, under petitioner’s own statement, had been purchased for $10 at a grossly undervalued price. Nonetheless, I requested counsel to inquire and offer evidence of a value of $20 or more for the stolen article. Unfortunately, the pistol itself had been again stolen but the Solicitor testified to a value of about $50 for the pistol. In view of petitioner’s own description of the pistol, this valuation appeared reasonable.
On the basis of this record, I conclude that the petitioner has wholly failed to sustain the burden of establishing that he was denied effective representation of counsel. It is true that his plea was entered within three days of the appointment of his counsel. It is equally true that he saw his counsel on only two or three occasions.
Petitioner suggests that his plea was induced to some extent at least by his counsel’s emphasis on the effect that his prior convictions might have on his defense and that for this reason he was denied proper effective representation. However, since he was without any other witness to explain his possession the morning after of the stolen weapon, the petitioner would have been forced to take the stand or leave such possession unexplained, with its possible harmful effect on the jury. Under those circumstances, his counsel would have been derelict had he not informed the petitioner of the consequences of his testifying in his own defense, i. e., that under those conditions, the prosecution could assail his credibility by establishing on cross-examination his prior convictions of crimes such as larceny and housebreaking, involving as they did moral turpitude. See State v. Millings (1965) 247 S.C. 52, 53, 145. S.E. 2d 422, 423; State v. Bing (1921) 115 S.C. 506, 509, 106 S.E. 573; 19 S.C.Law Q. pp. 51-2. For the Federal Rule, see United States v. Smith (5th Cir. 1970) 420 F.2d 428, 431. In bringing this matter to the attention of the petitioner, his counsel was only doing what was his clear duty to the petitioner and no claim of improper representation can be predicated by the petitioner on this account.
Finally, it should be observed that petitioner is no criminal novice suddenly caught up in the law’s net. For years, he has been in and out of criminal court, generally on charges involving thefts and housebreaking. He understood court procedures and was familiar with the crimes charged in the indictment involved in this case. Fortunately for him, he had, prior to this plea, been dealt with generously by the courts. And his real complaint here is not inadequate representation but dissatisfaction with his sentence, which he, not unnaturally, thinks was too harsh. On this record, however, that provides no ground for the writ.
For the reasons given, it is plain that the petitioner is not entitled to relief herein and his petition is accordingly dismissed.
And it is so ordered.
. The Trial Court dismissed grounds (1) and (2) as inappropriate. As he remarked, both were without application to a guilty plea.
. The petitioner’s answer is significant. He evidenced by his answer his familiarity with his indictment and its three counts and wished to make clear that he was pleading guilty only to the third count of the indictment. This third count charged a crime with which he had earlier been charged and of which he had been found guilty. He was thus pleading to a crime with which he was already acquainted. See, Smith v. Cox (D.C.Va. 1969) 307 F.Supp. 773, 777, note 2.
. See State v. White (1947) 211 S.C. 276, 280, 44 S.E.2d 741, where knowledge of the stolen character of the goods received was predicated in part upon belief that such goods were “hot”.
. It must be recognized that this conclusion of the petitioner was not without justification. See, for a similar situation, Walker v. United States (6th Cir. 1970) 419 F.2d 1272, 1273.
. Preliminary hearing is waived by subsequent plea of guilty. Moore v. Wainwright (5th Cir. 1968) 401 F.2d 525, 526.
. There was no attempt to support this claim.
. See Belgarde v. Turner (D.C. Utah 1969) 307 F.Supp. 936, 938.
. For the rule applicable to proceedings under Section 2255, see Raines v. United States (4th Cir. 1970) 423 F.2d 526 (filed March 23, 1970).
. In fairness, it must be noted that the Trial Judge was most searching in his inquiries of counsel and that he had brought the petitioner .from the State Penitentiary in Columbia to Walhalla in order that he might assist his court-appointed counsel in preparing his case and in developing any facts helpful to his contentions. And the petitioner’s court-appointed counsel reviewed fully with the Court all the facts given him by the petitioner.
. Knowledge that the goods received were stolen is an essential element of the crime to which petitioner plead but, “Guilty knowledge is seldom susceptible of proof by direct evidence and may be proved by circumstances from which such knowledge may be inferred.” State v. Atkins (1964) 244 S.C. 213, 216, 136 S.E.2d 298, 299. “ * * * a belief- without actual knowledge is sufficient.” State v. Rountree (1908) 80 S.C. 387, 392, 61 S.E. 1072, 1073. And, “The Courts have uniformly held that the possession of the fruits of crimes by an individual recently after the commission of the crime justifies the inference that the possession is with knowledge that the property was stolen.” Lee v. United States (8th Cir. 1966) 363 F.2d 469, 474, cert. den. 385 U.S. 947, 87 S.Ct. 323, 17 L.Ed.2d 227; United States v. Riso (7th Cir. 1969) 405 F.2d 134, 137-138, cert. denied, 394 U.S. 959, 89 S.Ct. 1306, 22 L.Ed.2d 560; Hale v. United States (5th Cir. 1969) 410 F.2d 147, 149-150, cert. denied, 396 U.S. 902, 90 S.Ct. 216, 24 L.Ed.2d 179; Thomas v. United States (4th Cir. 1926) 11 F.2d 27, 28; State v. Crawford (1893) 39 S.C. 343, 350, 17 S.E. 799.
. Cf., Pearson v. United States (6th Cir. 1951) 192 F.2d 681, 689: “Such a possession must be accounted for in a straightforward, truthful way, and unless the jury finds the explanation reasonable and satisfactory, they may be warranted in returning a verdict of guilty.”
. See, United States v. Werner (2d Cir. 1947) 160 F.2d 438, 443, where Judge Learned Hand states:
“In prosecutions for receiving stolen property for obvious reasons one of the most telling indices of guilt is a low price paid by the receiver.”
See, also, State v. Atkins, supra, 244 S.C. at p. 216, 136 S.E.2d 298.
. Attempt at concealment is circumstance to be considered on issue of knowledge, Nakutin v. United States (7th Cir. 1925) 8 F.2d 491, 492, cert. den. 269 U.S. 585, 46 S.Ct. 201, 70 L.Ed. 425.
. It should be noted, too, that this pistol was only a part of the property stolen, which had a value, it seems, of several hundred dollars. And, in State v. Crawford,. supra, 39 S.C. at p. 349, 17 S.E. at p. 801, the provision of the statute dealing with value of the stolen goods, which fixes the limits of permissible sentence, was construed to refer to “not the value of the property found in possession of the defendant, but the value of the whole property stolen.”
. Foster v. Beto (5th Cir. 1969) 412 F. 2d 892, 893.
Reference
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- Charles WALTERS v. Roy D. HARDEN
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