Hiers v. Atlantic Coast Line R. R.
Hiers v. Atlantic Coast Line R. R.
Opinion of the Court
The opinion of the Court was delivered by
Martha C. Hiers, joining her husband with her as co-plaintiff, alleged in her complaint that' whileshe was on the platform' of defendant’s car from which *312 as a passenger she was' about to alight, the engineer suddenly and without warning backed the train so violently that she was thrown between the cars and on the bumper, and seriously injured. The defense Was a general denial; and that the plaintiff being- an infant could not maintain the action without tire appointment of a guardian ad litem. The plaintiff recovered judgment and the'defendant appeals. The appeal raises three questions-: Was it abuse of discretion for che Circuit Judge to refuse defendant’s motion for continuance? Was it error to refuse defendant’s, request to- charge there was no evidence to sustain a verdict for punitive damages ? Could the plaintiff, who was a minor, maintain this action without a guardian ad litem?
The clause which we have italicized clearly relates to the disability of coverture and not that of infancy; the meaning being that no guardian* or next friend shall be necessary on account of coverture. This section, therefore, affords no support for the position that a guardian ad litem is not necessary on account of the disability of infancy, because the additional disability of coverture also’ exists. The section enacts nothing as to the disability of infancy and hence does not throw’ any light on the question under discussion. Authorities are to be found under the old practice at common law and in equity holding the appointment of a guardian ad litem unnecessary when* the husband was joined with the wife in prosecuting or defending the action. The reasoning was *314 that the law looked on the husband as guardian or next friend, safeguarding the interest of the wife, and hence the appointment of another person for that purpose was unnecessary. Cook v. Rawdon, 6 How. Prac. Rep., 233; Welch v. Bunce, 83 Ind., 382; Foxwist v. Tremaine, 2 Saund., 213; 14 Ency. P. & P., 1013.
But as said in the important case of Cook v. Razvdon, supra, “there is some confusion in the cases,”, and there is high authority even under the old practice for the view that a married woman who is also a minor can only prosecute or defend an action by a guardian ad litem appointed by the Court, though the husband be joined with her in the action. 2 Daniels Ch. Practice, 904; Alexander v. Davis, 26 S. E., 292 (W. Va.). This view seems to be the view of the Supreme Court of the United States also in O’Hara v. McConnell, 93 U. S., 150 (23 L. ed., 840).
These authorities shoiw that aside from any statutory requirement it was at least doubtful whether’ a married woman, who was also- a minor, by joining her husband could prosecute a suit without a -guardian ad litem. But we think all doubt has been removed in this State by section 136 of Code of Civil Procedure, which provides: “When an infant is a party, he must appear by guardian who may be appointed by the Court in which the action is prosecuted, etc.” The statute makes no exception as to infants who are married, and it would be going too far for the Court to undertake to- do so', especially since a married woman’s rights of person and property have become so- much more independent of her husband.
The reversal of a judgment ora a question of procedure is always to be regretted, but in this instance a statute important for the protection of minors is involved and the Court cannot hesitate to enforce it.
It is the judgment of this Court, that the judgment of the Circuit Court be reversed. - -
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Hiers v. Atlantic Coast Line R. R. Co.
- Status
- Published
- Syllabus
- 1. Continuance. — It is not an abuse of discretion to order a case to trial, where two witnesses are sick, where case had been continued at last term at instance of samé party, where case was continued for a week at present term to permit party to get his witnesses, where there was no showing as to probable length of their illness, and where substance of evidence expected of the witnesses was submitted to the jury. 2. Wantonness. — That an engineer suddenly and violently backed his train without warning at a place where passengers might be expected to get off, is some evidence of wantonness. 3. Guardian ad Litem. — A married woman, who is a minor, cannot maintain an action for personal injuries by joining her husband with her as co-plaintiff, but must sue by guardian ad litem.