Edgefield Mfg. Co. v. Maryland Casualty Co.
Edgefield Mfg. Co. v. Maryland Casualty Co.
Opinion of the Court
The opinion of the Court was delivered by
The Edgefield Manufacturing Company obtained a. policy of insurance in the Maryland Casualty Company to protect it against claims for accidents to its employees. In the case of Jennings v. Edgefield Manufacturing Company, 72 S. C., 411, 52 S. E., 113, the plaintiff recovered a judgment of thirty-five hundred dollars for personal injuries. After payment of the judgment, Edgefield Manufacturing Company brought this action on the insurance policy to recover fifteen hundred dollars, the insurance being limited to that amount for the death or injury - of any one person. The plaintiff recovered judgment for the amount claimed and the defendant appeals. The plaintiff had been- insured in the defendant company for several years, taking a new or renewal policy at the expiration of each term of insurance. At the trial, after proving that a thorough search had been made through the company’s papers for the policy without finding it, the plaintiff offered in evidence as a copy, except as to dates, the policy issued for the preceding year. The defendant contends this paper should have been excluded for lack of evidence that a search had been made among the private papers of those who were officers of the company when the policy was in force, and for lack of sufficient evi *76 dence of the terms of the old policy being- the same as the new.
The policy covered the year beginning 6th May, 1903, and ending 6th May, 1904. Jennings received his injury 21st October, 1903, brought his action 6th January, 1904, and recovered judgment in November, 1904. The remittitur from the Supreme Court was sent down- 19th October, 1905. The plaintiff paid the judgment 24th October, 1905, and brought this action 23d January, 1906.
The suit was not brought within sixty days after the final judgment, and the defendant contends this is fatal. The Circuit Judge construed the first sentence of the condition of the policy, above quoted, to mean payment must be made by the assured of any judgment in favor of an employee for personal injury, within sixty days from the date of the judgment. Nothing about this section of the policy is clear except the obscurity. The language will fairly bear the construction placed on it by the Circuit Judge. The insurer framed the clause as a condition of its liability, and obscurity and ambiguity will be solved against it. Sample v. Ins. Co., 46 S. C., 491, 24 S. E., 334; Moylor v. Am. Ins. Co., 111 U. S., 335. On this principle, the charge of the Circuit Judge on this point must be sustained.
Inasmuch as the record in the clerk’s office showed the payment of the judgment in less than sixty days after the final judgment of the Supreme Court, this stipulation of the policy disappears as a defense, and the giving or refusing an instruction as to the validity of such conditions could be of no consequence.
There was no evidence of waiver by the defendant of the requirement as to notice of the accident. It is true the Maryland Casualty Company participated in the defense of the suit of Jennings, but it did so after explicit notice by letters to the Edgefield Manufacturing Company, that all questions as to the alleged failure to- give prompt notice of the injury to Jennings were reserved; and to this express reservation the plaintiff made no objection. The letters introduced expressed explicit refusal to waive this requirement of the policy, and the Circuit Court erred in not having so interpreted them to the jury. Toale v. Tel. Co., 76 S. C., 248; Baker v. Tel. Co., 75 S. C., 97; Matthie v. Ins. Co. (N. Y.), 67 N. E., 57; Donogh v. Banners Ins. Co. (Mich.), 62 N. W., 721.
Rule twelve of the Circuit Court lays down certain requirements as to the size and minimum weight of paper to be used for typewriting “original pleadings and other proceedings,” and also as to initialling the pages.
In a broad sense the term “proceedings” used in the rule would embrace the taking of testimony de bene esse. The object of the rule is to prevent mistake or imposition; and as to other pleadings and proceedings, there is no safeguard prescribed by statute. But the statute lays down with particularity the safeguards to be used for preserving the integrity of testimony taken de bene esse. These seem quite adequate; and the reasonable view is that the Judges meant to safeguard such proceedings as the General Assembly had not already safeguarded by statute. This conclusion is strengthened by the consideration of the inconvenience that would arise from requiring observance of excessive formalities by officers outside of the State unfamiliar with our rules of Court. The testimony taken de bene esse should have been' admitted'.
In view of these facts, it is- evident a jury could not reasonably reach any other conclusion than that the delay was excusable, and the notice given and the summons- sent with all promptness to- be fairly-expected and exacted. We do not say there was not a scintilla of evidence supporting the defense; and if the verdict had been for the’ defendant, the scintilla would have prevented this Court from ordering a new trial for lack of facts to sustain the defense. But this *81 Court should not order a new trial where from an examination' of the record it has no doubt the verdict of any fair jury would' have been the same, even if no' error had been committed. In such a case the errors should be regarded not prejudicial.
The judgment of this Court is, that the judgment of the Circuit Court be affirmed.
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- 1. Evidence — Papers—Secondary Evidence. — The law requires search to be made for missing papers where they are presumed to be. Where a policy of insurance has usually been kept in a corporation’s vault, it is not necessary to search for it among the private papers of its officers. In this case there was sufficient proof of identity between the policy lost and the one introduced, and under the allegations, proof of execution was not necessary to maintenance of plaintiff’s cause of action. 2. Contracts — Insurance.—An obscure and ambiguous clause in an insurance policy should be solved against the insurer. Condition here as to bringing suit on policy construed to mean, suit is conditional on payment by assured of any judgment against it in favor of an employee for personal injury within sixty days from date of final judgment. 3. Insurance — Waiver.—The letters of insurer to assured expressly stated it engaged in the defense of the case against the assured by its employee without waiver of the conditions in the policy requiring immediate notice of injury to employee, and immediate forwarding of any summons or process served, and jury should have been so instructed. 4. Testimony de bene esse taken in typewriting is good without a certificate of notary that it was written by the witness, or read over to him, and without being initialled. 5. Insurance. — The stipulation that notice of an injury should be given insurer immediately by assured, and it should immediately send any summons or process served on it, mean these things should be done with reasonable promptness under the circumstances. Under the facts here any fair-minded jury would probably conclude the delay was excusable and the failure to instruct the jury that the stipulation was not waived and to admit the testimony de bene esse as to the failure to give the notice and to send the summons was not prejudicial error.