Vespers v. Springs Mills, Inc.
Vespers v. Springs Mills, Inc.
Opinion of the Court
This is an appeal from an order of the circuit court holding that the South Carolina Industrial Commission did not have jurisdiction over appellant Edna Vespers’ occupational disease claim. We reverse.
The sole issue raised is whether appellant’s claim satisfies the jurisdictional requirements of S. C. Code § 42-11-10, et seq. (1976). We hold it does.
The Workmen’s Compensation Act should be given a liberal interpretation because the purpose of the Act is remedial and humanitarian Hines v. Hendricks Canning Co., et al., 263 S. C. 399, 211 S. E. (2d) 220 (1975); Simpkins v. Lumbermens Mutual Casualty Co., 200 S. C. 228, 20 S. E. (2d) 733 (1942). The right to compensation under the Act is wholly statutory and subject to the restrictions contained therein. Owens v. Herndon, 252 S. C. 166, 165 S. E. (2d) 696 (1969).
Three restrictions are dispositive of the issue raised:
Section 42-11-10 provides in pertinent part:
“No disease shall be deemed an occupational disease when:
“(1) It does not result directly and naturally from exposure in this State to the hazards peculiar to the particular employment . . .”
Section 42-11-40 provides:
“In no case shall an employer be liable for compensation for an occupational disease unless such disease was contracted by the employee while in the employ of the employer as a direct result of the employment.”
Section 42-11-60 provides:
“No compensation shall be payable for any pulmonary disease arising out of the inhalation of organic or inorganic*97 dusts unless the claimant shall have been exposed thereto by his employment for a period of at least one year and unless he suffers a total disability therefrom.”
Code provisions relating to occupational diseases should be construed together and in relation to the other provisions of this title. Glenn v. Columbia Silica Sand Co., 236 S. C. 13, 112 S. E. (2d) 711 (1960).
The trial judge interpreted these provisions as requiring appellant to have contracted the disease during her employment for a period of at least one year within the State of South Carolina. We disagree and concur in the interpretation reached by the Full Commission who considered all provisions of this title.
In order for appellant to have a valid claim, she must prove:
(1) The disease resulted from exposure in South Carolina to cotton dust peculiar to the textile industry;
(2) She worked in the textile industry for a period in excess of one year; and
(3) That she contracted the disease while working for respondent.
The term “contracted” is a term of art which has been defined for compensation purposes in occupational disease cases as “disablement or death.” Glenn v. Columbia Silica Sand Company, supra.
We held in Drake v. Raybestos-Manhattan, Inc., 241 S. C. 116 at 121, 127 S. E. (2d) 288 (1962), “[s]o construing them (Code provisions) we conclude that in occupational disease cases compensability accrues when disability ... or death occurs.”
The one year exposure requirement in § 42-11-60 refers to exposure in the same type of employment, and not exposure in this State. See: Hodges v. Work
Appellant contracted byssinosis for jurisdictional purposes when she was disabled by the disease some nine months after respondent hired her. She had worked in the textile industry for approximately eighteen years, had been exposed to cotton dust during her employment in South Carolina, and contracted the disease while in respondent’s employ. Appellant’s claim satisfies the jurisdictional requirements under S. C. Code § 42-11-10, et seq. (1976).
We reverse the order of the circuit court and re-instate the order of the Commission awarding benefits under the Act to appellant, Edna Vespers.
Reversed.
This section was amended in 1977 changing exposure for byssinosis from one year to seven years. The claim here arose prior to 1977.
Dissenting Opinion
(dissenting) :
I respectfully dissent. My views are set forth in the order of the circuit judge, which will be printed as my dissent.
ORDER OF JUDGE HAYES
This matter was heard by me in Chambers at York, South Carolina on May 29, 1979. It involves a claim of the claimant for workmen’s compensation benefits based upon all alleged occupational disease in the nature of byssinosis. A Decision and Order of Commissioner J. Dawson Addis was filed on October 18, 1978 denying the claim. This matter had originally been presented upon the pleadings, documents in the file of the South Carolina Industrial Commission and certain stipulations of the parties and agreement or counsel for the parties that the question of jurisdiction should be first decided.
Form 50 in the subject case was dated January 13, 1978. At that time there was a claim pending in both the State of North Carolina and the State of South Carolina. As stated above, the claimant was obviously barred in the State of North Carolina for the reasons stated above. The question
Section 72-251: “No disease shall be deemed an occupational disease when:
(1) It does not result directly and naturally from exposure in this State to the hazards' peculiar to the particular employment,” * * * (emphasis mine).
Section 72-253: * * * “In no case shall an employer be liable for compensation for an occupational disease unless such disease was contracted by the employee while in the employ of the employer as a direct result of the employment.” (Emphasis mine.)
Section 72-255: “No compensation shall be payable for any pulmonary disease arising out of the inhalation of organic or inorganic dusts unless the claimant shall have been exposed thereto by his employment for a period of at least one year and unless he suffers a total disability therefrom.”
Section 72-255 was amended in 1977 as follows: “provided, however, in claims based on byssinosis the claimant must have been exposed to dust in his employment for a period of at least seven years.”
No citation is necessary for the proposition that all sections of the South Carolina Workmen’s Compensation Act must be read and interpreted together. The same is true for the Occupational Diseases portion of the Act. Section 72-251 requires that the occupational disease result directly and naturally from exposure in this State to the hazards peculiar to the particular employment. Section 72-253 requires that such disease (byssinosis in this case) be contracted by the employee while in the employ of the employer as a direct result of the employment. Section 72-255 requires that the claimant must be exposed by his employment for a period of at least one year. The claimant was employed as a slub-ber tender in the Carding Department at Springs Mills, Inc. during her period of employment of less than (9) months. Obviously, she has worked at the same type of employment for a period of approximately sixteen (16) years. From the record and stipulations before me, it is apparent to me that the claimant “contracted” the disease of byssinosis while
Counsel for the employer argues that Section 72-255 requires that the employee be employed in this State in his employment in this State for a period of at least one year. In the absence of construing Section 72-251 with Section 72-255, I could not reach the conclusion contended by counsel the particular employment and Section 72-255 requires that there be exposure "in this State” to the hazards- peculiar to the particular employment and Sectiton 72-255 requires that such exposure be “for a period of at least one year”. Taking both of these sections together, and for additional reasons enumerated above, I construe the applicable sections to mean that, on February 6, 1976, an employee would have to have worked for an employer (or, possibly, employers) in this State for a period of at least one year and to have “contracted” the occupational disease while working in this State for the employer in order to recover benefits under the applicable statutes.
“Neither the idea of ‘apportionment’ nor the rule of ‘last injurious exposure’ is embodied in our Workmen’s Compensation Law.”
The issues in this case do not involve “apportionment”. I do not consider the Glenn case to be applicable to the factual and legal issues involved in this case other than for the expression that the “last injurious exposure” rule is not the law in South Carolina.
By a four to two vote, a majority of the Full Commission reversed Commissioner Addis on the basis of the Glenn decision. The employer thereafter appealed to this Court. I have carefully reviewed the Briefs filed by counsel for the parties and have carefully reviewed the record in this case. After due deliberation, I conclude that the issues presented in this case have not previously been decided by our Supreme Court. I have therefore given careful consideration to an interpretation of the applicable sections of the law. For the reasons stated hereinbefore,
It is hereby ordered that the decision of the Majority Commission of the South Carolina Industrial Commission,
And it is so ordered.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Edna VESPERS, Appellant, v. SPRINGS MILLS, INC., Respondent
- Cited By
- 6 cases
- Status
- Published