People ex rel. S. H.
People ex rel. S. H.
Opinion of the Court
This is a consolidated appeal from an order of adjudication of dependency and neglect and a decree of disposition terminating appellant-mother’s parental rights. We reverse and remand.
During oral argument, appellant contended that the standard of proof required for an adjudication of dependency and neglect and termination of parental rights is “clear and convincing evidence” rather than the preponderance of the evidence standard prescribed by statute and our decisions. SDCL 26-8-22.10; Matter of L. M. T., 305 N.W.2d 399 (S.D. 1981). Appellant’s contention is based upon the United States Supreme Court’s March 24, 1982, decision in Santosky v. Kramer, - U.S. -, 102 S.Ct. 1388, 71 L.Ed.2d 599 (1982), which held that before a state may terminate parental rights it must support its allegations by at least clear and convincing evidence, a holding that renders constitutionally deficient the preponderance of the evidence standard of SDCL 26-8-22.10 and our decisions based thereon.
We recognize that “the Constitution neither prohibits nor requires retrospective effect.” Linkletter v. Walker, 381 U.S. 618, 629, 85 S.Ct. 1731, 1737, 14 L.Ed.2d 601, 608 (1965); State v. One 1966 Pontiac Auto., Etc., 270 N.W.2d 362 (S.D. 1978). When retroactive application of a decision could produce substantial inequitable results, justification exists for holding the decision nonretroactive. Chevron Oil Co. v.
We reverse the orders appealed from and remand the case to the circuit court for entry of findings of fact, conclusions of law, and corresponding orders that are consistent with the evidentiary standard adopted in Santosky v. Kramer, supra.
. This holding does not affect the decision we recently rendered in Matter of M. S. M., 320 N.W.2d 795 (S.D. 1982), since the trial court in that case applied a “beyond a reasonable doubt” standard.
. Other jurisdictions have also applied Santo-sky to cases in which parental rights were terminated prior to the announcement of the new evidentiary standard. See Matter of Farrell, 292 Or. 822, 642 P.2d 1167 (1982); Ellis v. Knox County Dept. of Public Welfare, Ind.App., 433 N.E.2d 847 (1982). We also note that in a recent criminal case, United States v. Johnson, - U.S. -, 102 S.Ct. 2579, 73 L.Ed.2d 202 (1982), the United States Supreme Court applied a new constitutional rule to cases pending on direct appeal at the time of the rule’s announcement. See also Linkletter v. Walker, 381 U.S. 618, 85 S.Ct. 1731, 14 L.Ed.2d 601 (1965); Tehan v. United States, 382 U.S. 406, 86 S.Ct. 459, 15 L.Ed.2d 453 (1966).
Reference
- Full Case Name
- The PEOPLE of the State of South Dakota, In the Interest of S. H., A Minor Child, and Concerning F. H. O. and P. H. and Department of Social Services
- Cited By
- 8 cases
- Status
- Published