S.P. ex rel. M.P. v. Knox Cnty. Bd. of Educ.
S.P. ex rel. M.P. v. Knox Cnty. Bd. of Educ.
Opinion of the Court
Plaintiffs allege that Knox County has a policy and practice of busing children with epilepsy from schools without nurses to schools with nurses for administration of the medication Diastat. Plaintiffs contend this practice violates the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and incorporated state law, Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act. Defendants moved for summary judgment on plaintiffs' claims. The court granted defendant Tennessee Department of Education's (TDOE) motion as to a violation of
This matter is back before the court on TDOE's motion for reconsideration.
*949I. Positions of the Parties
A. TDOE
TDOE asks the court to reconsider its denial of TDOE's motion for summary judgment in which the court found that the IDEA provides a remedy for actions "unrelated to the denial of a free and appropriate public education" (FAPE). TDOE maintains that the IDEA provides no such remedy.
B. Plaintiffs
Plaintiffs argue they are using both the incorporated Tennessee law and the zoned preferences of the IDEA to bring an access case and TDOE must enforce the IDEA and incorporated state law concerning zoned school access.
II. Background
During the 2015-16 and 2016-17 school years, E.E. and M.P. were enrolled in two different elementary schools in the Knox County school system. Both children were prescribed the anti-seizure medication Diastat. The Knox County Board of Education (KCBE) had in effect a policy that required Diastat to be administered only by a nurse.
KCBE's 2008 "Health Services Seizure Disorder Protocol" states that "Students with protocol, which requires Diastat rectal medication or oxygen administration, will attend a school (transferred if necessary) where there is a full-time on-site nurse." The Protocol was updated in 2013, but no change was made to the Diastat administration "transfer if necessary" language. The Protocol was updated for a third time in June of 2016. The mandatory language requiring administration of Diastat by a nurse remained, but the "transfer if necessary" language was removed.
Plaintiffs allege that KCBE required students with a Diastat prescription to transfer to a school with a full-time nurse if their zoned school was not staffed with a full-time nurse, per the Protocol. Plaintiffs contend this violates
Plaintiffs allege that the Tennessee Department of Education (TDOE) knew KCBE had an illegal policy to transfer students with epilepsy to non-zoned schools and permitted it to continue. Plaintiffs claim that TDOE violated its oversight, supervisory, and monitoring authority over KCBE.
A. Plaintiff M.P.
M.P. is an eligible child with a "disability" under the IDEA. Due to a neurological impairment, she receives special education through an Individualized Education Plan (IEP). M.P. was scheduled to attend kindergarten at her zoned school, West View Elementary, for the 2016-17 school year. In March 2016, prior to the beginning of the school year, an IEP meeting was held for M.P. Her parents did not inform school officials of the Diastat order until after the meeting concluded. Another meeting was planned for May 2016. In April 2016, the principal at Fort Sanders Educational Developmental Center called M.P.'s father about the Diastat prescription. She stated that Diastat required a full-time nurse to be at the school and that West View Elementary *950did not have a full-time nurse. She further stated that KCBE had a policy where students with Diastat were transferred to a school with a full-time nurse if their zoned school did not have a nurse. She did not say anything about being able to request that a school nurse be installed at West View, just that transfer was required. M.P.'s father examined the 2013 Health Services Protocol, which on its face, was consistent with the principal's explanation. Neither the principal, nor the Protocol, said anything about a student's ability to request that a nurse be provided at West View. M.P.'s father then met with his daughter's neurologist and was advised the risk of seizures is always present for M.P., even though it is very low. M.P.'s parents decided to discontinue Diastat so M.P. could attend her zoned school. Because West View is .3 of a mile from their home, M.P.'s father determined removal of Diastat was the lesser of the two evils (the other one being bused to a separate school with no one to administer Diastat on the bus).
On February 3, 2017, M.P. filed with TDOE a Due Process Complaint against TDOE, KCBE, and Knox County. No hearing was conducted as the parties agreed the matter was outside the scope of a FAPE (Free Appropriate Public Education).
B. Plaintiff E.E.
E.E. is an eligible child with a "disability" under the IDEA. Due to a neurological impairment, she receives special education through an Individualized Education Plan (IEP). When E.E. moved to Tennessee, Copper Ridge was her first zoned school. However, Cooper Ridge lacked a full-time nurse. Prior to an IEP meeting, office staff at Copper Ridge called E.E.'s mother and guardian and advised that the IEP meeting would be held at Brickey-McCloud Elementary because, unlike Copper Ridge, it had a full-time nurse to administer Diastat. E.E.'s guardian was told it was school policy for E.E. to go to a school with a nurse. Therefore, E.E. would be transferred to the nearest school with a nurse, Brickey-McCloud Elementary. D.H., (E.E.'s guardian) asked whether getting a nurse at Copper Ridge was possible and she was told no, it was not being staffed for a nurse for the upcoming year. The IEP meeting notes specifically state "The Team will reconvene at a determined location in order to discuss placement in a school with a full-time nurse due to seizure disorder."
E.E. attended Brickey-McCloud Elementary school during the 2015-16 school year. On October 30, 2015, E.E.'s IEP team met at Brickey-McCloud. During the meeting, E.E.'s mother informed the school that she had moved into the Carter Elementary school zone. The IEP team agreed that E.E. should enroll at her zoned school as soon as possible, and that the team would meet again to discuss transitioning services to that school. KCBE was familiar with E.E.'s medical history and knew that E.E. had been prescribed Diastat. KCBE states that Carter Elementary did not (during the 2015-16 school year) offer the special education services required to implement E.E.'s IEP, so E.E. was transferred to East Knox Elementary for special education services. Additionally, East Knox Elementary was staffed by a full-time nurse.
*951Plaintiffs allege KCBE instructed E.E.'s parent and guardian that E.E. would have to transfer to East Knoxville Elementary because Carter Elementary lacked a full-time nurse to administer Diastat.
In August 2016, an administrative complaint was filed with TDOE. After an investigation, TDOE responded:
[TDOE] does not find a procedural or substantive violation of federal and state special education laws nor a violation of Student's entitlement to a free and appropriate public education ... the IEP of Student did not require that she be educated in a school other than the school she would attend if non-disabled.
On February 3, 2017, E.E. filed a Due Process Complaint against TDOE, KCBE, and Knox County. As with M.P., no hearing was conducted because the parties agreed the matter was outside the scope of a FAPE. See fn 1.
E.E. and M.P. state they were subjected to KCBE's policy and practice of transferring them to a school they would not have attended without the Diastat orders. They were instructed about the Protocol and how they must be transferred; they were never told they could have a nurse at their zoned school; and for E.E., she was specifically told she could not. The court notes that both E.E. and M.P. are currently enrolled at their zoned schools, and their claims concern events occurring during the 2015-16 and 2016-17 school years.
III. Standard of Review
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 54(b) provides that any order or other decision that "adjudicates fewer than all the claims or the rights and liabilities of fewer than all the parties does not end the action as to any of the claims or parties and may be revised at any time before the entry of a judgment adjudicating all the claims and all the parties' rights and liabilities." District courts have inherent power to reconsider interlocutory orders and reopen any part of a case before entry of a final judgment. In re Saffady ,
IV. Overview of Applicable Law
As stated in the court's prior opinion, the IDEA guarantees individually tailored educational services for children with disabilities, while Title II and Section 504 promise nondiscriminatory access to public institutions for people with disabilities of all ages.
The public education system of Tennessee is set forth in Title 49 of the Tennessee Code. It is structured such that various educational entities have separate and distinct roles in the operation of a public school system.
The IDEA is a federal statutory scheme that is "designed to give children with disabilities a free appropriate public education [FAPE] designed to meet their unique needs." Wayne v. Shadowen ,
In determining the educational placement of a child with a disability, each public agency must ensure that the child's placement is as close as possible to the child's home.
An LEA [local education agency] shall not assign a student with epilepsy or other seizure disorder to a school other than the school for which the student is zoned or would otherwise regularly attend because the student has a seizure disorder.
V. Analysis
TDOE argues that because plaintiffs' claims do not involve the denial of a FAPE, but are instead access and discrimination claims, there is no remedy available to them under the IDEA. Plaintiffs respond that, contrary to TDOE's argument, the IDEA, like Section 504 and Title II of the ADA, does have an access to one's "zoned school" presumption.
In R.K. v. Bd. of Educ.
In R.K. the plaintiff did not have any unique educational needs or require any specialized educational placement and could participate in a standard curriculum. The plaintiffs in this case require specialized educational services along with their medical orders for Diastat. In a case cited by TDOE, L.H. v. Hamilton Cnty. Dep't of Educ. ,
Moreover, when a state special-education law is more protective than the IDEA, a violation of state law can amount to a violation of the IDEA. Doe v. Bd. of Educ. Of Tullahoma City Schs. ,
VI. Motion for Sanctions
Plaintiffs move for sanctions against TDOE for the agency's failure to participate in mediation in good faith. Plaintiffs state that prior to the mediation conference, TDOE notified the parties that it would refuse to contribute anything toward a settlement and it would continue to litigate its position that the court erred in finding that the IDEA provides a remedy for actions unrelated to the denial of a FAPE. Plaintiffs seek payment of attorney's fees and costs for preparation and attendance at the mediation.
*954TDOE replies that once it made its position clear, it was plaintiffs' responsibility to notify the court that mediation was premature. The court disagrees.
After summary judgment was denied to defendants, the court ordered the parties to mediation under Local Rule 16.4(a). This rule requires attendance of parties, or party representatives "with full authority to negotiate a settlement." LR 165.4(l). Failure to comply with the attendance or settlement authority requirements subjects a party to sanctions by the court.
Federal courts hold that a party's decision not to contribute without seeking a modification or withdrawal of the court's order prior to a settlement conference shows an utter lack of respect for the court. See Empire Inc. v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. ,
VII. Conclusion
In light of the foregoing discussion, the following action is taken:
1. Defendant Tennessee Department of Education's motion for reconsideration [R. 60] is DENIED .
2. Plaintiffs' motion for sanctions [R. 64] is GRANTED .
3. Plaintiffs shall file their motion for attorney's fees and costs related to the mediation within thirty (30) days.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
Plaintiffs' Due Process Complaints were filed before the Supreme Court issued its decision in Fry v. Napoleon Cmty. Schs. , --- U.S. ----,
Plaintiffs also alleged violations of the Americans with Disabilities Act and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, but only against defendants Knox County and the Knox County Board of Education. The court's discussion will therefore only consider the IDEA and its incorporation of state law.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- S.P., NEXT FRIEND OF M.P., T.P., next friend of M.P., and D.H., next friend of E.E. v. KNOX COUNTY BOARD OF EDUCATION, Knox County, and Tennessee Department of Education
- Status
- Published