Feder v. Flattau
Feder v. Flattau
Opinion of the Court
delivered the opinion of the Court.
This is a direct appeal from the Chancery Court of Shelby County, the same being on the pleadings with a stipulation as to testimony.
The question to be decided is correctly stated on the appellant’s brief, as follows: “After dower is assigned, is a dissenting widow entitled to one-third of the rentals from the lands from the date of the death of her husband to the date of the assignment of dower?”
“The widow received her dower in all the real estate by the sale thereof and the payment to her of the cash value of her said dower interest was based on her age.” The foregoing is from the appellant’s brief and is undoubtedly correct; it is not in serious dispute.
The widow, however, in her answer and cross bill insisted not only that dower be assigned to her out of the real estate but that she be awarded dower in the net rentals derived during the period of five years between the date of his death and the date of her application for assignment of dower.
Some question is made as to the age of the widow, which was important in arriving at the cash value of her dower interest, but it was agreed that she was sixty-five (65) years of age and settlement was made on that basis. Her right to have dower out of net rentals of the real estate which her husband held as a tenant-in-common with his brother, the complainant in the original bill, was the crucial issue in the cause.
It conclusively appears that the widow, althongh represented at all times by able counsel did not make application for dower in the net rentals of his real property until complainant filed the original bill for sale of the property for partition, which was April 5, 1956. The deceased Sam Feder died on October 4,1951, and his will was probated October 19, 1951. It thus appears that the widow, who dissented from the will on May 16,1952, made no application for dower for five (5) years after his death.
We think the learned Chancellor was clearly in error in holding that “there was an impediment placed in the way of the widow claiming dower. ’ ’ She could have petitioned the County Court at any time for dower, and neither the devisees nor the Executor of the will, or anyone else, could have had any grounds for objection thereto. She was entitled to dower as a matter of right. Moreover there was no impediment in her deceased husband’s will, and in her answer and cross bill she made no claim that there was an impediment to her right to claim dower, other than an averment in the answer and cross bill “that their marriage would have nothing to do with the real estate or the store owned by him and his brother. ’ ’ She was in no sense bound by the terms of the will, which was executed four (4) years prior to their marriage. Nor was she barred from claiming dower as a
There was an agreement to sell the property of the deceased for partition, the proceeds being distributed according to the rights and interest of all interested parties. The delay in determining the cash value of the widow’s dower was not an impediment to her right. It resulted from the fact that she claimed she was only forty-nine (49) years of age when it was finally decided and agreed upon that she was sixty-five (65) years old. She accepted full payment for her dower interest based upon this age.
While the matter of the widow’s dower and proceedings to allot dower are controlled by statute in this State, we can find nothing in any section of the Code upon which the widow can maintain her present claim to dower in the net rentals of the real estate, title to which passed to the various devisees mentioned in the will. They took their respective estates subject to the widow’s dower.
The counsel for the defendant widow are insistent that there is no waiver; that the doctrine could not apply
The cases relied on in support of this contention do not control the case at bar, such as Clift v. Clift, 87 Tenn. 17, 9 S. W. 198, 360, and Lewis v. James, 27 Tenn. 537. These cases, and other cases cited on appellee’s brief, involve assignment of dower in lands which are not capable of division, such as coal mines in the Clift case, and real estate in Lewis v. James, which property was incapable of being allocated to the widow by metes and bounds. In the latter case there could be no assignment to the widow of the “mansion house” and homestead. It cannot be doubted that under certain circumstances a court of equity may decree compensation in lieu of dower. We think the authorities in this State generally'Support the right to dower in specific property of a deceased husband’s real estate. See Briscoe v. Vaughn, 103 Tenn. 308, 52 S.W. 1068, and cases cited therein. There it was expressly held that as to dower it must be assigned and designated by metes and bounds (103 Tenn. at page 313, 52 S.W. 1068). We can find no reported ease holding to the contrary.
In support of the foregoing general rule it was held in an early case, Vincent v. Vincent, 1870, 48 Tenn. 333, that
“* * * Tbe leading object of tbe statute is to give ber tbe mansion-bouse and buildings, or sucb part thereof as will afford ber a decent residence, due regard being bad to ber condition and past manner of life. It was not tbe intention to compel tbe widow to take all tbe buildings and improvements, and to lose any part of tbat share of tbe land which was intended to be assigned for ber support. ’ ’
We readily agree to tbe contention tbat when tbe lands of tbe deceased, or other holdings sucb as leaseholds and tbe like, cannot be allocated to tbe widow as dower and assigned by metes and bounds, then she may claim ber dower in rents and profits accruing therefrom. This is our interpretation of tbe rule in Lewis v. James, supra. Tbe facts of tbe case at bar do not bring it within tbe rule as announced in tbe foregoing decisions.
We think tbe ease more clearly in point, and which controls tbe case at bar, is In re Moore’s Estate, 34 Tenn. App. 131, 234 S.W.2d 847, 852. In a very elaborate opinion in which tbe several Code Sections in T.C.A. relating to tbe assignment of dower were reviewed, tbe court said (opinion by Anderson, P. J.):
“* * * These statutes and others relating to dower contemplate tbat in a case where tbe property is so situated and is of such character tbat it can be done, a specific part of the land of the deceased shall be set apart as dower. Otherwise, tbe heir would be severely handicapped in dealing with bis part of tbe property, for dower is an encumbrance upon bis right. Kitts v.*119 Kitts, 136 Tenn. 314, 189 S.W. 375. The widow would be likewise at a disadvantage. She would have no right of entry or title to her estate and could not deal with it as her needs might require. Downs v. Allen, 78 Tenn. 652; North v. Puckett, 164 Tenn. 100, 46 S.W.2d 73, 81 A.L.R. 1107. For a widow has no estate in the land of her deceased husband until it is assigned to her as dower. Thus, she cannot maintain am action at law for occupation or for rents accruing after the death of her husband before the assignment of her dower. Thompson v. Stacy, 18 Tenn. 493; London v. London, 20 Tenn. 1; nor can she sue for possession of or injury to the land. Guthrie v. Owen’s Heirs, 18 Tenn. 339; Latta v. Brown, 96 Tenn. 343, 34 S.W. 417, 31 L.R.A. 840; Briscoe v. Vaughn, 103 Tenn. 308, 52 S.W. 1068.” (Emphasis ours.)
In the instant case the deceased Sam Feder owned at his death a number of pieces of valuable real estate, valued at approximately $70,000. No contention is made by the widow that these several properties were of such a character that a reasonable allocation could not have been to the widow as her dower.
In Thompson v. Stacy, 18 Tenn, 493, cited in the opinion In re Moore’s Estate, supra, it is said:
“Dower having, then, to be recovered by a real action, no damages were at common law recoverable by the wife for the detention, because damages can only be given for the detention of the possession, and in writs of right, where the right itself is disputed, no damages are given, because no wrong is done until the right is determined. Co.Lit. 32 b; 1 Keb. 86; 1 Oru. 169; 2 Inst. 286; 10 Co. 216.
*120 “This rule, however, was partially remedied by statute of Merton, passed 20th Hen. III., ch. 1, which provides that ‘widows which, after the death of their husbands, are deforced of their dowers, and cannot have their dowers or quarantine without plea, whosoever deforce them of their dowers or quarantine of the lands whereof their husbands died seized, and that the same widows after shall recover by plea, they that be convicted of such wrongful deforcement shall yield damages to the same widows, that is to say, the value of the whole dower to them belonging, from the time of the death of their husbands until the day that the said widows, by judgment of our court, have recovered seizin of their dower/
* * =£ * # *
“But if the heir or feoffee assigns dower, and the widow accepts thereof, without an allowance for her damages, she cannot afterwards claim them, because having accepted dower, which is the principal, she cannot afterwards sue for damages, which are only accessory.”
We think that under T.C.A. sec. 30-902 “Note 2” is misleading. It appears to state unequivocally that the widow is entitled to dower in any case to the rents for the period in question. But under the decisions to which we have referred, and especially In re Moore’s Estate, she is entitled to rents as part of her dower when the heir or devisee has deforced her, or the estate cannot be partitioned in kind, or dower assigned in specific property. An important case, dealing with the right of dower at common law, appears in Tool’s Lessee v. Pride, 1 Tenn. 234, wherein it is held:
*121 “At common law, the heir was bound to assign dower, and, until he had done so, could not maintain ejectment against the widow to recover the mansion house held by her. But this principle was changed by the Act of 1784, under which the widow must begin by filing her petition, and, if she neglect to do so and hold the mansion house, the heir may recover in ejectment.”
We feel that it is hardly a matter of serious controversy that the widow must petition for dower, the burden being upon her to act unless she is deforced by^ the heir or devisee. She is the real party in interest and where there is no impediment to her right of action, vouchsafed to her under the common law and by statute, she has no one to blame but herself for her failure to petition the court for assignment of dower.
We think from all the authorities she had no vested interest in her husband’s real estate until there was an assignment of dower, In re Moore’s Estate, supra. In these circumstances she is not privileged to claim any right to rentals in property after a lapse of more than five (5) years following her husband’s death.
The assignments of error are sustained and the decree of the Chancellor is reversed. The cross bill is dismissed. Remanded for such further orders as may be necessary for a final decree consistent with this opinion.
070rehearing
On Petition to Rehear
A petition to rehear has been filed on behalf of Mrs. Annie P. Feder, the widow of Sam Feder, deceased, based upon alleged errors in the original opinion of the
[1] The petitioner complains of the following erroneous statement in the original opinion, that at the time of decedent’s death he was the owner of real property of the approximate value of $70,000 when the record showed he was the owner of a one-half interest in said property. While we readily concede that this was error it is wholly immaterial inasmuch as the merits of the case were reviewed and determined on the basis that Sam Feder owned only a one-half interest.
[2] Complaint is made as to the erroneous conclusion that no impediments were placed in the way of the widow claiming dower. The conclusion of the Court was based upon the facts and the circumstances surrounding the parties. The correspondence between counsel for the respective parties and the pleadings in the case were not considered in deciding the point at issue. It is settled law that pleadings in any case is not evidence except where a fact is alleged to be true and admitted in the answer. The correspondence between counsel is not determinative of the issue of deforcement. At most it is only a remote circumstance.
The administration of Sam Feder’s estate by the personal representative is not important in determining the matter of the widow’s dower. She had dissented from the will and was entitled to her interest in the personalty, as if the said testator had died without a will; no com
[3] Contention is made that we misapplied the case of “In re Moore’s Estate, 34 Tenn.App. 131, 234 S.W.2d 847” because the present suit was one in equity and was not a suit at law. The foregoing contention was fully discussed in the original opinion. However, we think the following response to the petition to rehear is conclusive of the issue:
“* * * A widow’s right to dower in the property of her husband is based on the statutes and common law of Tennessee. A court of equity has no authority to add mesne rents and profits to a widow’s legal dower interest, m the absence of a deforcement by the heirs, this Court having correctly held that there was no deforcement in the case at bar.” (Emphasis ours.)
It is further pointed out that the single issue before the Court was whether the widow is entitled to mesne rents and profits on her dower interest in her husband’s property when no application was made for it for more than five years after his death; her failure to apply for it after she had been paid in cash the full value
The petitioner’s counsel again insists upon the case of Bettis v. McNider, 137 Ala. 588, 34 So. 813, as sustaining and controlling authority; also In re Dixon’s Estate, 73 Wyo. 236, 278 P.2d 258, 260, 50 A.L.R.2d 1240, wherein the statute of the State of New York applies to “interest of a surviving spouse”.
The cases do not deal with the specific right of dower in mesne rents and profits of decedent’s real property ex
A case involving dower in an undivided interest in lands, the husband owning an “equal moiety” with another, is Duncan v. Greer, 173 Tenn. 555, 121 S.W.2d 564, wherein it is held:
“A widow, to whom her deceased husband’s half interest in town lot, owned by him and another in equal moieties as tenants in common, was assigned as dower, held life estate in half of such property as cotenant with owner of remaining half, and they were equally entitled to possession thereof, so that she was entitled to partition or sale for partition thereof.”
We have read in full the case of Administration & Trust Co. v. Catron, 171 Tenn. 268, 102 S.W.2d 59, cited by petitioner, and it has no application to the right of dower in an undivided interest of a deceased husband. It deals solely with the power of trustees to sell such lands without the consent of the cestui que trust.
After full consideration of the petition, we feel that the original opinion is correct. The petition to rehear is accordingly denied.
Case-law data current through December 31, 2025. Source: CourtListener bulk data.