Fullerton v. Scurry County
Fullerton v. Scurry County
Opinion of the Court
Plaintiffs in error sued defendant in error, in the district court of Lubbock county, for title and possession of the lands involved in this appeal (being the lands patented to Scurry county by the state of Texas for free school purposes), alleging a sale of the lands to their remote grantor on July 5, 1886, entirely on a credit, the deed and notes providing for payment of the principal on July 5, 1916, and payment of interest at 6 per cent, annually on July 5th, alleged a chain of transfers to themselves and registration thereof, and then alleged a judgment, recovered in the district court of Lubbock county on March 26, 1894, in favor of Scurry county, against its original grantee, being the remote grantor of plaintiffs in error for the lands in controversy, without service of notice to plaintiffs in error or their immediate grantors, who, at the time of filing the suit and rendering the judgment, held all such title as had ever been in the defendants in that suit, as at that time shown by the proper deed records, alleged an ouster by defendant of plaintiffs from the land on November 1, 1908, and pleaded section 1, art. 14, of the amendments to the Constitution of the United States, as against thebinding force of said judgment. Allegation is then made of the payment of interest on the purchase-money notes to and including the year 1891, and a tender, in November, 1908, of the remaining interest and accrued interest thereon, as well as a refusal by defendant to accept same, a proffer to pay all such sums as were necessary to entitle plaintiffs to a right of redemption, and prayer is then made for judgment, for title and possession of the lands upon their complying with the decree of the court as to the unpaid purchase money, for writ of possession, for removal of cloud cast on their title as a result of the judgment of date March 26, 1894, and for general and special relief, legal and equitable.
Defendant answered by general demurrer, special exceptions, a general denial, a plea of not guilty, and special defenses to the effect that no rights passed out of the county as a result of the attempted sale of July 5, 1886, because the writings evidencing said sale were not on the terms authorized by the commissioners’ court, a rescission in 1892 of the purported sale, because of a breach of the contract sale on the part of plaintiffs, arising from a failure to pay the purchase price as per contract, a judgment, of date March 26, 1894, canceling said purported sale and revesting title in defendant, and peaceable and adverse possession since that date, and also pleading the statute of limitations of three, five, and ten years. Defendant then pleaded notice on the part of plaintiffs of its repudiation of the sale, its election to cancel the same and repossess itself of the land, and an acquiescence by plaintiffs therein for more than ten years, resulting in an es-toppel to now assert any right to or claim in the land. Allegation is then made of the expense of recovering the apparent title and possession of the land in the proceeding resulting in the judgment of March 26, 1894; allegation in effect being made that the land at that time was worth less than the debt, including the interest, then due against the land, but that at the time of filing this suit, as well as at the time of the alleged tender, the lands had vastly increased in value. Allegation is then made of acquiescence by plaintiffs in defendant’s election to rescind the sale, and an abandonment by plaintiffs of the land and all such rights, if any, as they had ever had therein, long before the increase in value of said lands occurred, and prayer is made for cancellation of plaintiffs’ title and quieting defendant’s title, as well as for general and special relief.
By supplemental petition, plaintiffs pleaded minority of William B. Fullerton, one of the plaintiffs, until shortly before the filing of this suit, as avoiding the effect of limitation, laches, election, acquiescence, or stale demand, and also pleaded that if there were any irregularities about the original contract of sale by the county to their remote gran *973 tor the county had ratified said sale hy accepting partial performance thereof, and were estopped from now questioning its validity. Prayer is then made that, in case they cannot recover the land or their rights under the original contract of sale in the nature of specific performance, they recover the interest paid on the contract of sale, as well as the accrued interest on said payments from their date.
By supplemental answer, defendant pleaded that limitation, laches, election, acquiescence, defaults, and abandonment applied as against said William B. Fullerton; and further, in effect, that it would be inequitable for William B. Fullerton to be allowed to have specific performance of a portion of a contract made as an entirety, or to award him a portion of the lands under the facts pleaded. Ratification by defendant of the original contract of sale is denied, and allegation is made of a prompt repudiation thereof in toto, upon default being made by plaintiffs in payment of the purchase money.
Many exceptions were urged by the parties, respectively, in their pleadings; but the record fails to show that any action was had by the court on any of them.
. The trial court, within proper time, prepared and filed his findings of fact and conclusions of law, which are properly before us, and, as the findings of fact are not assailed, except in one particular, and that we think not well founded, we will dispose of this appeal on the facts found therein without regard to the statement of facts, which is also before us; and for a better understanding of the issues on which we dispose of the appeal, we copy the trial court’s findings of fact and conclusions of law, as follows:
“Findings of Fact.
“I find that, first, the state of Texas, on August 18, 1885, patented to Scurry county, Texas, as the school land to which the county was entitled, leagues 50, 51, 52, and parts of leagues 49 and 53. in Hockley county, and in the patents were described as described in plaintiffs’ first amended petition.
“Second. The Commissioners’ court of Scurry county, at the July term, 1886, accepted the bid of the Texas & Ohio Land Syndicate, Chillicothe, Ohio, for the purchase of said land, being $23,025.60, payable 30 years after date, and bearing interest at the rate of 6 per cent, per annum from date, interest payable annually in advance, and a vendor’s lien on the land according to the respective patents thereof, for the proportionate amounts of the bid, in the ratio that the land described in patent bears to the whole number of acres conveyed by the patents— that is, the sum should be apportioned to the quantity of land as embraced in the five patents, or as near as may be to make a ratable proportion of the same; that there should be five deeds to the company, to be executed by the county, in the name of R. J. Nisbitt, county judge, as commissioner of Scurry county, Texas, who was designated as special commissioner for that purpose, with the power to execute the deeds for the county, which should be deeds of conveyance of all of said lands to the company, subject to the terms of the sale, and retain a vendor’s lien on the respective parcels of land, for the principal and interest to become due upon the respective parcels of land, which amounts should be apportioned by the said Nisbitt, and embraced in five promissory notes, each payable on July 5, 1916, bearing interest at the rate of 6 per cent, per annum from date, interest payable annually in advance, and executed by Benjamin F. Stone, trustee, for said company, and his successors in office.
“Third. I find that the said Scurry county, through Nisbitt, the county judge, deeded the land in controversy, on July 5, 1880, to Benjamin F. Stone, trustee of the Texas & Ohio Land Syndicate, of Chillicothe, Ohio, and his successors in office, for the consideration expressed in the order of the commissioners’ court, authorizing the sale of the land,, evidenced by five promissory notes, as provided for in said order, and apportioned as provided for; that said deed conveying the land was duly acknowledged and filed for record and recorded on September 11, 1886, in the records of Hockley county, Texas. On December 22, 1887, there was filed for record in the deed records of Hockley county, Texas, a deed from the said trustee, Stone, to Henry A. Thacher, of date November 18, 1887, to the land in controversy, and the same was recorded, for a stated consideration and the assumption of the unpaid price, and Henry A. Thacher, I find, became the owner of whatever right the said syndicate had. I find that on January 7, 1888, Henry A. Thacher deeded a one-half interest in said land to Wm. H. Fullerton, and said deed was duly acknowledged and recorded April 10, 1888, in the deed records of Hockley county, Texas; that on April 28, 1890, Henry A. Thacher deeded to Lueretia M. Thacher a half interest in said land. Said deed was duly acknowledged and recorded in the deed records of Hockley county, Texas, May 7, 1890. Lueretia M. Thacher is plaintiff in this case; that Wm. H. Fullerton died in October, 1888, intestate, and left surviving him, as his only heirs, the plaintiffs, Wm. B. Fullerton, a son born April 18,1887, and his widow, plaintiff Katherine B. Fullerton, and a daughter, Louise, who died without heirs — born March 10, 1884; died September 21, 1891. I therefore find that by conveyance and inheritance from Wm. H. Fullerton the plaintiffs obtained whatever title and right the said syndicate had on the dates mentioned in this finding.
“Fourth. I find that the first five coupons to each note were paid; it being the coupons for 1887, 1888, 1889, 1890, and 189L
*974 “Fifth. I find that in the deed from Scurry-county to the said-Stone, trustee, there was reserved by the said county a vendor’s lien in these words: ‘To secure the payment of which said principal and interest, promissory note, as aforesaid, a vendor’s lien is hereinafter retained.’ This appearing in the first part of the deed, and in the latter part of the deed the following: ‘But it is expressly agreed and stipulated, that the vendor’s lien is retained against the above-described property, premises and improvements, until the above-described notes, and all interest thereon, are fully pa'id, according to their face, tenor, effect and reading, when this deed shall become absolute.’
“Sixth. I find that no other payments than the five mentioned were ever made or tendered by the parties or their representatives until, during the year 1908, Lewis Hines, representing plaintiffs, tendered to the commissioners’ court of Scurry county all interest due and interest on interest due on all the leagues in controversy. He tendered the amount of interest due on each league separately for the full amount due, as represented by the outstanding coupons, and according to their tenor and effect.
“Seventh. I find that at the August term, 1892, the commissioners’ court of Scurry county ordered the county attorney to bring suit on said vendor’s lien notes, and at the November term, 1892, of said court, suit was again ordered; that on November 18, 1892, suit was filed by Scurry county in the proper court, against Benjamin F. Stone, trustee, as aforesaid, and the Texas & Ohio Land Syndicate of Chillicothe, Ohio, for the land in controversy, in trespass to try title, the ordinary form; that on March 26, 1894, after citation by publication having been had only on the defendant, Scurry county recovered judgment against the said Stone, trustee, for said lands, and entered the same in the minutes of the district court, but was not recorded in the deed records until November 11, 1909. To this suit neither plaintiff Wm. H. Fullerton nor Henry Thacher, nor either of them, were made parties, but only the two above mentioned, and neither had any notice of the suit or judgment.
“Eighth. That at the May term, 1897, of the commissioners’ court of Scurry county it was ordered by the court that the Scurry county school land was placed upon the market; and that all bids would receive due consideration. At the March term, 1898, the court leased said lands to Devitt for a period of five years, at three cents per acre, beginning the 1st day of April, 1898. That on the 12th day of February, 1901, said court leased the land to Devitt and Flato for a term of five years, beginning the 1st day of April, 1901. J. T. Beal had leased said lands from Scurry county in 1894 to 1898. In 1898 he turned his lease over to Devitt and Flato. At the November term, 1903, of the said court, the court authorized Devitt and Flato to transfer or assign their leasehold contract to the Mallet Cattle Company. At the December term, 1905, of the said court, the court leased the lands to Devitt and Flato for five years, beginning April 1, 1906. That Scurry county has never taken actual possession of the land, nor any part of it. That it has been held by said lessees in a large pasture of many thousand acres, considerably in excess of 5,000 acres, and that no part of it has been segregated and separated from other lands in the pasture by a fence, and that one-tenth of it has never been cultivated or used for agricultural purposes. That there have been other lands with these in said pasture. This was the condition up to the time of seven years ago.
“Ninth. I find that from 1880 to 1901 land was cheap, and this land was worth about 75 cents to $1 per acre; that in 1906 land values began to increase, and gradually ran up until, when this suit was brought, values were from $6 to $10 per acre, and this land was worth $8 per acre.
“Tenth. I find that after the payment of 1891 the plaintiffs made no effort to pay the interest by tendering it, nor did their representative; that they were able to pay, hut» did not do so, nor offer to do so, until the year 1908, as aforesaid.
“Conclusions of Law.
“First. I conclude, as a matter of law, that Scurry county, when it ordered suit brought for the land, or on the notes, dis-affirmed the contract, and the order being on its minutes gave notice to plaintiffs; that when it took judgment for the land it was a further disaffirmance, as were also the leasing of the land and the lessees taking possession thereof — all this having occurred prior to 1898, and the plaintiffs - not having tendered performance prior to the year 1908, and having shown no excuse for not having done so. I further find that they come too late, and are guilty of laches, and therefore are not entitled to the land or to redeem the same, and that they take nothing by this suit, and that their deeds and those they hold under be canceled.
“Second. I find that the defendant has no limitation or adverse possession to support limitation under its claim and plea of limitation, on account of the dize of the pasture the lands were held in. The defendant excepted to the finding of fact that any title was passed by the deed of Benjamin F. Stone to Henry A. Thacher; he being only trustee in the deed, with no authority to convey.”
Under their first to seventh assignments of error, inclusive, urged in this court, plaintiffs in error, in the following order, complain of the admission in evidence:
(1) Of the order of the commissioners’ court of Scurry county, directing the county attorney to bring suit on the school land *975 notes; the bill of exception showing that an order was made of record by said court at its May term, 1892, placing said lands on the market for sale.
(2) Of the original petition, filed November 18, 1892, by Scurry county, as well as the judgment rendered March 26, 1894, in the cause in which the original contract of sale was canceled and title revested in the county.
(3) Of the testimony of Branch Isbell, to the effect that he was county attorney of Scurry county in 1892, and was the same man who, under the instructions of the commissioners’ court, brought suit for the purpose of revesting the county with its school lands, and which resulted in the judgment of March 26, 1894.
(4) Of the order of the commissioners’ court, of date March, 1898, as well as the lease contract, showing a lease of the lands by the county to one Devitt for five years from April 1, 1898, and another order of the commissioners’ court, made at its November term, 1901, as well as the lease contract, showing a lease by the county to De-vitt and Mato for five years, beginning April 1, 1901, and another order by the commissioners’ court, made in 1905, leasing the land by the county to D. M. Devitt for five years, beginning April 1, 1906.
(5) Of the testimony of J. F. Beall, to the effect that under written contract, executed by the county judge, he leased from the county, in 1894 or 1895, the lands in controversy for five years, and that he was in possession of said lands under said contract until the fall of 1898 or 1899, when he sold his unexpired leasehold right to Devitt and Flato, who then went into possession thereunder.
(6) Of the testimony of D. M. Devitt, to the effect that he and Flato had been in possession of the lands from 1897 to the time of trial, under leases emanating from the county as the tenant of the county, the last one having been executed in 1906, for a period of five years; they having first gone into possession under a lease made by the county to Beall, who sold out to them in 1897.
(7) Of the testimony of C. R. Buchanan, to the effect that on November 17, 1892, he assumed the duties of county clerk of Scurry county, and held that position four years; that he assumed the office of county judge November 14, 1906, of that county, and had held that office to the time of the trial; that he had, since 1892, been familiar with the actions of the county regarding its school lands, and that the lands were then under lease from the county by a tenant; and that from the time he first qualified as clerk in 1892 to the time of the trial the county had kept the lands under lease and in possession of some tenant.
Under the eighth assignment of error presented in this court, plaintiffs in error challenge the sufficiency of the evidence introduced to support the tenth finding of fact above copied and found by the trial court. We have, however, investigated the statement of facts upon this question, and, while the testimony is conflicting on the issue presented, we think there is testimony sufficient to support the finding of fact made, by the trial court; and we therefore overrule said eighth assignment of error.
The remaining assignments urged by plaintiffs in error present the legal propositions:
The weight of authority, as we understand it, appears to be to the effect that, where the purchaser has paid a considerable portion of the purchase price under an ex-ecutory contract for the sale of land, it would then be inequitable to allow the grantor to rescind without notice, and thus deprive the grantee and his assigns of the right of redemption, or to have specific performance within a reasonable time, in the absence of an express contract of forfeiture. We think, however, the weight of authority in this state is to the effect that, where no portion of the purchase price has been paid, and default is made by the purchaser, his assigns and representatives, and the grantor acts promptly, he has the legal power to act on the breach of the contract thus made by such grantees and rescind the contract and retake possession of the land, without any notice to such grantees or their assigns or representatives, and to thus effectually and finally deprive them of any further rights under the contract, and we fail to see where any principle of law or equity is violated by so doing.
We find, as a fact in this case, that the amount that had been paid by the grantees, their assigns and representatives, prior to the time defendant in error rescinded the contract, was not more than sufficient to cover the value of the use of the lands from the time of the execution of the contract to the time of the - breach thereof, when added to the expense to which defendant in error had been put as a result of the breach thereof, and that therefore nothing had in fact been paid on the purchase price of the land or in improving the same; and we therefore hold that when defendant in error elected to and did rescind the contract of sale, which it did to all intents and purposes in 1892, but which it certainly did when it actually took possession of the land and assumed exclusive ownership thereof and began leasing the same out for the account of its school fund, it effectually cut off any rights of plaintiffs in error to or in the land, legal or equitable. Kennedy v. Embry, 72 Tex. 387, 10 S. W. 88; Jackson v. Ivory, 30 S. W. 716; Thompson v. Robinson, 93 Tex. 165, 54 S. W. 243, 77 Am. St. Rep. 843.
We have not seen fit to discuss separately the various assignments of error presented in this court by plaintiffs in error, believing that no good purpose could be served by so doing. We have, however, considered each of them, and finding no reversible error pointed out in either of them they will all be overruled.
Under the disposition we have made of the appeal on other issues, it becomes unnecessary for us to pass on the question of whether or not the grantees acquired any right to or in the land as. á result of the attempted conveyance to Stone, as trustee, though we entertain a serious doubt about the matter. We also have some misgivings tas to whether or not the deed from Stone, as trustee, being the conveyance under which all the' plaintiffs in error claim, passed any title, as the record fails to show what his powers, as trustee, really were, while the deeds from the county to him, as trustee, clearly show that the lands were conveyed to him, as trustee, for the benefit of the “Ohio Land Syndicate,” and we fail to find in the record any authority authorizing him to sell and convey, except as shown in the deeds from the county; but because of the disposition made by us of this appeal on other issues we have not found it necessary to dispose of this question,
Believing that under the facts found by the trial court the defendant in error had the legal right, under the contract of sale made by it with Stone, as trustee, for the land company, in 1886, to rescind the con *978 tract upon the grantees and their representatives and assigns failing to comply therewith, and further believing that the record shows that defendant in error exercised promptly said right, and believing that it would be inequitable to perfnit plaintiffs in error, or any of them, to exercise the right of redemption or of specific performance as late as 1908, when, according to the record, they first sought to exercise such a right, and finding no errors in the record, the judgment of the trial court will, in all things, be affirmed; and it is so ordered.
Reference
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- FULLERTON Et Al. v. SCURRY COUNTY
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