Plaintiff, F. L. Luckel, filed suit in the district court of Stephens county against the Phillips Petroleum Company, a corporation, for an undivided one-half interest in. 31.5 acres of land in Stephens county, and described in the petition. I-Ie alleged that he and Joe Damall had been partners in the abstract business in Breckenridge, Stephens county, on December 2, 1918, and prior thereto, and that they dissolved partnership January 1, 1919; that it was understood and agreed between plaintiff and Damall that as a partnership business they, and each of them, should make application to prospect for petroleum and gas on lands situated in Stephens county, belonging to the public school fund of the state of Texas, and share equally in the profits therefrom; that, in accordance with said partnership agreement, Damall on December 2, 1918, made applica - tion for the permit to prospect'for oil and gas on the land in question, filing the same with the county surveyor, as provided for by law, and that subsequent to the dissolution of partnership the land was duly surveyed, and the field notes and sketch thereof duly filed, and a gas and oil permit issued to Darnall by the proper authorities of the state; that Darnall. did not disclose to plaintiff, and plaintiff did not know when he dissolved the partnership existing between them of these facts. He further alleged that Dam-all subsequently sold the oil and gas permit and the rights thereunder to one C. F. Roe-ser, and that Roeser sold it to the defendant, but that both Roeser and defendant had knowledge of his partnership interest in the lease when they bought it.

Defendant replied by a plea of not guilty, a general demurrer, and denied that at the *606 time it bought the oil and gas permit plaintiff had any interest therein, and further pleaded that the defendant had no knowledge of plaintiff’s claim when he purchased the, permit, and that he paid a valuable consideration therefor and was an innocent purchaser. From a judgment for defendant, plaintiff has appealed.

The evidence sustains the following findings of facts: That plaintiff and Darnall were partners until January 1, 1919; that it was within the scope of their partnership agreement *to search for unsold state land in Stephens county, and to apply for oil and gas permits thereon; that on December 2, 1918, Darnall applied to the county surveyor for “a petroleum and gas prospect” on an unnamed number of acres, “about 12 mi. N. 20 deg. E. of Breekenridge; bounded on north by Watkins Noble survey and the Olear fork of the Brazos river; bounded on east by sur. 20, blk. 2, T. & P. R. R. Co.; bounded on south by Sarah Bradley survey; bounded on west by B. H. Epperson survey.” On March 1, 1919, the county surveyor certified his field notes of the tract which, in the main, agree with the description, as to location of the land mentioned in the application, and certified that there were 31.5 acres in the tract surveyed. On May 9, 1919, an oil and gas permit was issued by'the commissioner of the general land office to Joe Darnall, covering this land. On August 23, 1919, Darnall sold to O. F. Roeser the gas and oil permit for $11,000 cash. This instrument was filed for record in Stephens county September 18, 1919. On September 12, 1919, plaintiff filed an instrument in the county clerk’s office reading as follows:

“I hereby certify that I have one-half interest in the mineral permit issued by the commissioner of the general land office, to Joe Darnall, dated-, recorded in Deed Records of Stephens County in Volume 62, page 478, said land being situated in Stephens county, Tex., and fully described in said permit above referred to.

“[Signed] F. L. Buck el.”

Roeser had the title to the land examined by attorneys, and their opinion failed to show that the plaintiff had any interest therein. On September 13, 1919, Chas. F. Roeser, in consideration of the payment in cash by the Phillips Petroleum Company of $23,625, sold and assigned an undivided three-fourths interest in and to said permit to the latter company. The defendant had an abstract of title to this land examined, and its attorneys failed to report that plaintiff had any title to or interest therein.

[1,2] We think that an oil and gas permit issued under and by virtue of chapter 83, Laws 1917 (article 5904 et seq., Revised Statutes 1918 Supplement), confers a right of interest which may be the subject of a contract or transfer, and that one purchasing 'such- permit from another, holding all the evidence necessary under the law to show ownership in him, is entitled to be protected as an innocent purchaser. In Wethered v, Boon, 17 Tex. 143, it was held that, where an agent, in violation of the instructions of his principal, procures a headright certificate to be issued to himself as assignee instead of to his principal, he holds the title for the principal; but as to the third persons who are not proved to have had notice of the contract or of the interest of the beneficiary, and who purchased ,fdr value, the agent will be regarded as the true owner of the certificate, and that such purchaser will be protected as an innocent purchaser without notice. In Johnson v. Newman, 43 Tex. 628, it was held that a headright certificate is in the nature of personalty, and can be sold and delivered as chattels, and a purchaser without notice of a prior assignment of the right to the certificate would take a good title. These two cases have been cited with approval by our Supreme Court and the Courts of Civil Appeals in many subsequent decisions.

[3] It is not disputed that at the time Roeser purchased the permit he had no notice, either actual or constructive, of any claim made by the plaintiff, and therefore he, as innocent purchaser, aqquired a title free of any interest or claim thereto asserted by plaintiff. Having acquired a good title, he was authorized to convey all the title that he possessed. Hence we conclude that we cannot disturb the judgment of the trial court, and that it should in all things be affirmed.

In so deciding, we pretermit any discussion as to whether or not the permit granted by the state conveys an interest in the land, and therefore comes under the case of National Pipe Line Co. v. Teel, 95 Tex. 588, 68 S. AV. 979, and other cases following it, for we believe that, even though the permit does not convey any interest in the land. Darnall had all the evidences of complete title, so far as plaintiff was concerned, and the authority to convey such complete title.

Judgment affirmed.