Staten, Simeon Deshon
Staten, Simeon Deshon
Opinion
t *
ORIGINAL
vjs Mo. lv-H2>-alO-Ml<LG> RECEIVED IN i COURT OFCRIMINAL APPEALS TVvl smTt. of T^nas ftM. ft nlMC- KtSPoM^ OCT°82015 Abel Acosta, Clerk
?^T\T\otv\ Fof\ \^\SCRG'\c3M^H {Vaults FILED IN COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OCT 08 2315 p^ ^peTiT-oM Abel Acosta, Cierk SifYVcOM £VisV\GM STKTSN
\b*to .Fm ?£M
P^T\Tvvoiaea P^uists oar^l AasuttrvrnT .Xdi^MT\TH OF 3u^e, pAftT\£g>, RKd Coun&U
TRiwl \^g£-
PROS^CUTO^ f0fl_ ^TAVL AT STUART \ft«4tt£R
l'3Lo\ HoAv\k\m, Suite, too
bSlFlM^L Comn^I flVTfcittl clnRfcks TV\onr\RSoM
APPlIUisST Course
ftPPdtatf\ ^\rr\<LoM. ^b^sVxDR StaT^M
a.
Iftkle of £qmTimTs> XhiA&L OF AulhofOVviS HA Xri£Mt\Tll Qf "SudS'L, P^RTi-LS, , Ak\<4 CoumsU . : 0.
SllYmmMT R^IPtfVl iM^ or.aI Af¥\Um?/UT L STATOYY?KTT oF tW^ CASt 4 SUUjm^rr OF PP\OeJMuR«l tAl&ToftM /, Grfl_0 Uiud5, FoR ft eu V<LUJ ^ (ARAuirn<?MT AKkd Au-t\\oruW$> , Z Pn^Kfi Br fteWF : ; m d^RTlFicA^ oF S>tILuuuL IS
a INfos* oF iM^o(V»liti> CA\££i> TA^k^GR vj vjift<3is\'>A MH'i US> ion, SI0! . —%\ uViMsh 2>T\ u£> ^59; % S.-CT. \ob# 3L& L*d. — % clgJUJiS SU S.u)ad ftl 413-44 mcCrcWM °\ V
&ToM£_ ^Ql3> AudOrJ A-k2>Tl . *\ V
fefc'ifRu vi s-Uk, klM S.UJ^ \SS,\£rt 1 Cm. cainrx. APP. 1^1) k;M& u skk ^ sund sst^su % ( T£vl. cn.;m. APP. loco J
Cm. cuum (\PP. ^og2>J FisW u sA-ftk. #si Suoad m^ol I Ciex. dJiim app w u MAftV/Av^L vf &-kk_$4o siuad HIS, HXi \m X ftaooks vj s>Uk_ ^ su>ad 5ft2>, B'tt % Cm. CJFii'nri. APP- aoiOJ O-cAA vj s ^ l ^iW *u)3d -bsrs, b^ t C m. cn;m. APP. 1W } TOfcfctS VI MwVi. 125 Su) 2rJ ££LU'4S %l* Cm. <LAim. APP. 1WJ r.Ky.cn.'m. APP. W8o} F\oa^ VJ Sk\L M^ SuJ^d <fal 1& Cm. cja;m. APP. \<W^ \1X\S Q^oq. k\K\k\L vj sk\k_ Lm su^d noq £m. ^p.wij lo (lulmone vj S-k\t_ L\LH Svjj ad S\S £ m. cil APP. \%1j io bftoc-k vi sArAVt. \^"\tiai;frv^°i 5L«s s-und nMs io Cm, CO. APP. HSf,J PaiMd^VLtK vi .sVaVl FS3. SvOid. Mo*, MaTCrfx. Olirn APP. to>S^ io SajawS vj sM£_ ^oO. £u)3>d \S8, VM Cm. Cftim. APP. ^ooL\ K>.H k;bk\<L i» ?>kvk_?>Ha ^uJ3d FUfrCm. APP UoudoM —'" Rokffv/state -Ml So)^d sms.SHI era.app. iWk^ i* [N^ fc\s,T\, aolD Per U^cH TRAVJXS vj Sk\V<L b3& %WlA SoO. Cil%calm. fWPAWl) n
CiuWi vj sVAVesupnn u fresh oMf\ vj^kk_s^P(iA u SmAh vj <4aV^_5.1M Suo^d TW rx€*.oUm. APP.lWl\ \ix\± fill. n Alk/vi u sk^ suj^d bsn Cm. APP. ^ooSj \^sHocj a Uot>s_RSoN vj sVwte. *A S-U3?,d. ^o^m.APP.-l4ou4aM f* Ci^^isx^ &oo:x. Per iWdJ UlWcjsA vj sVak.5>*3> Svogdn^i.^a^Tft.caiffv. app.i^j n vjJigjpvSiNv^ v>sWe.sn\ Suoad \&srCm.ca;m. app. FHft) tetis\W ivm
0.2 usc^, aasLi ^* T&fl£ U^tPvl+k/SAfsA1/ CtfdL.. AMM- MSI I. HI CAlCd) ro Te*a<; \\9i\\\\\ISAFt~+ll Cak. nwu. Hto.002A$fc ______i*
5" PsJ\Tiom_x Wkeo^s or.a\ AMum^TF ujouid V>e_ WlpFu\ To The Couirr tecjAvji2,e The \esues RAised Atfe_\ssues of F\fl&r . \mPfc_iS>taM AMd th_ PuhUc PohcM WWd R_^>lukoM op lta_L iSSue?, __u\d W_ WVk& dL\c,_u^9d m line CoMXOT oF ora\ RR^UmsNT, ujhe^e Tke CoaRT CAM ASk qus^VioM AV\d <_OM£\deR (\\\_RViA\\vjtc, tVaaT C-ouM<;el ms_ Pf&Pntecl To ci\$_us$.
SYATemeMT oF The, cngL This cj\sL CoMcenMS a c_ok\vjicTioa For The. oFfe/viee of Possession oF ft CoMTRoWfed ^ahsxAi^ce, ouiTW \mx^jvtx To del\v3£.p, UArmFl Qo_jq\Me, (jl)<_^WiM3 IHAoRe. tWi 4 3ttAm_ AMd \eg& tW 3,00 ^Am£> \oM A9^R9.eA\e uje't-skx mdvjud'iM^ AdulVtRMTS. md dilute.- TY\_ \SSU_ (LoMCeaMS vjuW\W tW ^vjlde/ucJL iS> \esnlki \M- SuFP\c_\arr For. a ^aWM ^UAoA To Comdude WNowd A - feACoMpU^- douW mm ke Woujma\vl Pssse^ssd _o_Aiae. to SuPPouttWs AS£>eKT\oW. tW tY\_ _J\d&N<L_ \S \e^ndk \K&ttFfic- Kmt To S^PPoPT TV\_ P\MdtM& T^AT k<_ SX'LIACTS^d CZoATttol, nr\AUA^<em^T, of cjA^e _osr tW (Lo_^\uie. x-V a\so Comc^nl^ The \seu,e tViat -rke ^o\cleMce \-_ k^nlUl m^UFFicveKT To support The. P{Kvdnv\4 ThAT k<e And kuouAed^e oF tW CocAiKe.
SXAXem^MX oF P^QCedaRAl VhsTbRH U^ bnte. oF APPellANvx WueF ndoW to ^oAl v2j bA\e oF Sxme'L APPtlWvr Wu%F ModernW £5,^oFl v:^ DaW oF merAoRA^um oP\kv'vom ^ePTemWp, \o, Oois tdOUMd _Me _iR_.UKnSTAMT>Al Ak\d _\R<z_X ^A/tdevice A <_.oMvji_T\OM OM aAOam^TAKlTiAl <e^id^_e CrtlMMaT he £U.<TGiM£d VF The _.\rzcurr\?xANr.e PRoue Aa Mox gxdude eoei£H dh^R Re^soAirvUe HMPohheSiS £lcePT lWl~ oFtVi-^utli- ^FTh_ (Accused n/vid PiZooF lAmouMTiM^ To omU a stroma <msP\c1om or meRe pRohAkkk l£ iMSuFicJ^MT The eo\deMce is k'iAlhl iMSuFfici^T To PAooe he- MoMd A PvcASoM aW\£_ rdouhr TVlAT AW. SrATtM k^oluiMaVl PoSSiSS^d CoOAiMe tuf4 iKTveKx To did\vjeR WiLAu^e The. Sxr^ve FAil_i To Pflaoe TY\AT mft. STAv^M kMouoiiv\A\v\ Pp^SeSS^d f.aCAiMe im a oar mAX he did Mot ouom Aiwd tWt ne_ kkieuj ThmT CW.AiMe cldAS \u iWcAft. tk^ STaTL musT PRe?,PMT £u\d*Mc£- thAX^ APPelJAKix £^ei^c\se-i (IomxAoI mr\i4A<?ieme/vn\ Cu^TodM or riRR_ OvjeR TvyL ^uh^TAMc; AK\d kivi^uj TnnT The mAPheR Presses ul#_ Co£/^Me_ A CJZJmm&l _£3Mvj\CV\oivl AWT hk SuPPoRT^d \dM \<_^p\\M SuFF'ici^rr <£u\d_\ic_ that £acK siems^rr oF Tn£_ oFF_m__ \s PR_o_vi he^owd ReA^o/aAhk douhr. m a habeas (ZoRpus Pftoceed/M5 ftPs\<XK& OUT oF ft _iA\m tWt A PeRSOM ViP& W§M GoMVircTSd iM A %-fTe Cqurx UPoM WAuFFl-teKTT 2.uki£Mc£-. A F_d_ZAl douaT &A-\he£ I^am ResTftvcAuv& \\]s \mi\\M m^Rehl To ujhePkeR tWc is AH\| _u\d_Mc<_ To Sup Port The CoMUicVioM must Comsid ^e i Ja^dheR )V\ERe. \S S>uFF"\dienX ^LhdeMce To ~SuskPI ARttho*ml Tll\^il oF "tta_ FACTS To RmgI 3u\U Wloxld A RmSoMAUe dotibT AkAd TAe.\ieFOR9_ CkAWeM^e TO A £>Ttf\<L CourLT CoMvjicAtaM m THfs CA££ KYVft.STftTSM UuAS McT IM €.icWiv>£_ C^lviXRoi ol- the Cx\R_ ^jhen.e The <dRuas uu>e\ie Foamd, t\ne \oA9sm uum GooAiMe sax u\ Cup kold^R AK\d aic, PftoiimdH rAAde \\ s.Asdvl Access\Ue To ma.
StAT^i Aud IY\e. mcd^AN. AYVYvoujah mc. Stax^u hiAd xhi. kevis, TG tn^eAO. Ana. Stat^m <d\d k\6r ouum The car ftv\d The cla(l uuas UoT ke^l^VeR^d To ma. ^TAT^U. me Wlaunl T^>T\Fi^d \\- uuRC, hv^, car Ak\d he leT Paz Stat^m ViAv^e To kevis To so Aud -aer a d^A\eePVe, \\l ftbo Tetr\F^d Tinat k u^a^ ike P^rsom uiio 4^oueTo TV\e d\uh TkAT Kitshr Audi fofcW Tin at W hAd \eFT thecZocx^Me \u The car. Re_ FuuAkm T^sTiFt^d ThAr ma $$#&* AA k\ar Wuoul) tUax he hAd lepr The CoCAtMe \m The (U\z ^iwee m, stat^kv \jdas uot \m &NLrJus\vje Possess toM oF The car •' lhe_ STAX9_ l^ l^e^ui^d To PRooe_ W/oivld A K^moMAkle d^uk TV-mT ma stated CoMM<etr\oM To The. Cocniivie u^as mo/?eTi~mM \u£F Fortuitous, ~Xy\ky mL ^.uldkwce- \sct\msuFFiV_v<?mX to ?Sflftk\\^n The_rleFfMdAuT krvJ AcTuiaI CARe, Cu^TodV flN\e) £o/XTftol aP Tv\?_ CodAiwe QHioumd Ttuo DeF^MdAMT APPenl Counsel Cikd Tuuo c,fq?>s_ xo Support h\s PoskioM lW tW s.utd£Mc£_ i& iiusuFFir,.^. Z£Z- mervoRAdar» OPlNUoM V>Sv^\ RK^umeMT AMd fiuxV\oR;h^s f\ dRlmlmftl CoNUicUoM YYUxsT W SuPPoRTsd Wl kf\Alh SufFcciewr Qu\d^-Mce Thru: 2.Ach sdsmstfr oF The. offers. \s pRoum Wbud ^ s.ct. 3Ln«li h\ L gdad. skoLirm. \m a UaWas, Corpus n, (CRlmiMAl COMUlcdioM. ^>UFFu^\eM.cq Of Culd^/Mce., STAKvdAfzd oF k^uveuj. O^A, ak ic, <ij, -lf4 n TAAhpvs (Corpus P&ocLeeJtNvA ari<M3 FRom. A dlAivrr\ Tt\AT A PeftSoM VmS b&eM CoMuid-ed iivv A 9dflk_ Court ^APoM \MSuFF\c.;etfF ^uld^Mce. A FedeRAl Court Faust CoM^ideR oJvL+keR ~\We \s suFF\c\etfY ^ends/vice To Tus-kFH A RaW>aa\ Tk\eR oP Fact To RmJ ^utlf beMoMd A ReasonaU*. dovibT AHd Should fvloT Ro^TRXCX \k> \KVqu\RM To ^heTh^ThfJLe IS ARH eiAdeuc<L TO c.uPPofiX The. CoKUncXioM. ACCoRdi^lH, U\ A C.hA\W\3£-To ASTATe Cou(tT CoMOichoM UMckR^ Q& USC^, ££54, tW. VTPPUcavaT \S ^MTiTkd To hvAhe^s CoRPue Rei'.^F, ASSm/mms SsU\ed P^ocedurml PReeTuvsh^ Foti SuA a ckirtx InmL O-VhSROJiS^. h^M SAV\SkvSd4 \f \k YS Fouiv\d ~vW UPbM The V^^Lond Poide^ce Adduced aVTUIaI N\G P.AT-\oMa\ TRteR OF FACT Could AAvje FouMd PRooF oFSutk he^ond A \L<*ASoM\V>le doaW m xeRm<, op tV\e suh?TAKvTkse- sA^m^ns oF vWctumjmaI offmse a^ fifRrtSd Wl SUk WltX UjU AU BPP^IaT CouaT V&JttuuS a ^uFPvoitMcq ciAAUeM^e, Tke Counr ciekRmm^ uj(w.4W AFkn. uiet^iMa -The £vj\cku(Le_ \u th^ \i4V mosr PAvjoGAbk To tW USJfLdtcT, K\ RAkoKVAl Pact PVKVdeR Could hnvj£_ fouMd TkAT 9.Ach S^seMT\Al dem^KVT o\- tPl chAa^e. off^Msi cjuas PRqu?m b£.4c,Md A (L^AeoaAUl doukp Pvckiviouj\ed^\^. ^Acksou \f, vir^\m\a, 443 as 50T ias, q<\ £.a yi3l. U L^d.ld. 9^C\rmTW'SxA\e PvP9i(lAxe Reuieu) uai~ douhTedl^ uo.U SeRoe_ \m xke uast YWlfV^oRpH OF CASL to vjdvj- divCLAVe. tY\<c dlue_ Pp^cess PRoT^cPom tW FoUauos FoRmc-XMu^T U3\uSk\P Cifft u-S^SS, 9Q SCP \ok£ 9o Led. 3d. l>teCl<?7(tt tW Uk\ded Stat9_ SuPueme_ Court u* o^vdcfiau <SerdVis 5r^KvdA\id FoR R^ituuiKft "VrfL SuFF^CieiacH oF Stmt. CoAvjuihicMS oM Fedeitnl uljrPs pF UaWas Corpus. TacVsqm 443>. as. i&T&X WSex n\ TY\L "This, 'SWdAftd CoMs4-duks -tke_ m\M\munx STAMdARd For £>USTA\M\K^ A CoMeKckaM U/vid?R The due PFoc£SS Clnuse oF ~tW. PouuTesxh nmeMdrnSKn-. *Sac)csom H^ U.S. Y\\ VnAi ^4 S.cx jALiUM- ^ Mo cjoau doss ^AckcoM PSelP UeFSReMOL stayc C0KlSkW\i0MAl OR SPATuToRM \avjL3 R^ARdiK^ ftPPilvA-k. R$Ui£u; A\hho^h T^iAS Courts V\ams_ AdoFPed Ths_ TaoIcSom STAidARd AS Tne 1^\aI SuFFiciSmcM STAMdARd \M dlftecT APPtfck U)i W)S K\^eR THVi oP P\eu\eua p\euj\s fflk S.uJQd A^ M13-44 mcGrVXRRM C^ C-O^CURR\H^V SXOA^^I^ ^Ujg.d A^ TvTf AS UuC £N0?\\(L\ VW KioT9d \14 GjRvFPm vJ. STA\S_ UH SuJ&l IS£, 1S<1 Cm.
Ca;m. ftpp. mik Stats Ars_ Fr.s<lTo S£i teW SdRMdi^ds oF Reuieuj Ohan ^A,ckSoM\ <se<c kvM& u slaVe. £4 Sur3d £<&, ,SC>3> CTgX CRlrn. APP. ^oooV ukvdeR "the ^Ack^oM u UlRqaMiA STAudARd, iP AM APPstkk Coutnp dekammes tW a RsAeav^hlt Pact P\N\aeR vjocuAd K\ecesSARvl4 smt^rtaxki ^a^ckvaU^ doukr nkoax The. APPslW\T.e ^uilYi dus. PRocess Re^uiR^s R^usrsaI Aud A ^udsm^MX oP TACQyUdVAl. Suj£AR\v tag SN.V a SkVe, )ol S.LO Sd. ST95 CTst.ca\m. APP. aoold. RshsR u okk, 9SV, SuJfrd St^ Sol f. T£.NL. calm. APP. l<m^ 4uohM5. RAPvjAvx u Sk\e S^Q SoJ^d Mis, 4^2) Hll) d-V^e- TuRH \.s lW Sole *^ud^e op t\\L u*AaWF V\w\d rjne.d\hdd4 oF tV\^ Su\deKc^ Ah A Ca;m\u^l tr.v^aI Sis.. RUoo\xs vj S\aV^. T^as ^uo%d 3d. SSr^S, 8^ Cx^l cmm.flW.9dcd IAovjjeoeve. tW Pact PlMdsR VAAH Mot RMd Facts MSC^S>$>RRvI To SS^Ah\\sV\\M^ am ilyA^Kcr. of A C£\vy\vMaI oFFsm&s. PutttlH OU- ^\T\^ hAS,\S oP vds d\^W\;ep of The Accue^d's Co^aRM AsseRh\oN\^. Qrdd vj slfik, *Y& S>uogid ^s^byj^nt^m. a9F H^i^Au?Muld qm Q-\keR SRouuds. ToRM^s vj. SVa\s_ T^S ^.uj I ,0d..%3d, 9HS (izt. CRim. APP. I'ffl] Ct \\\m uuRisM- u skk, 6o£ Sm •*•"• ' ••'•'•! " • ' '-'"• •'•"•' "—• '• •• • i ii i —ii !• * '•• "— •' • ii- -.•• ill ii nin !• i •' ii in • i — "
'OA 83?. 3 Ho Ct&l or. APP. VT&A f QPim'.om oM PPPsIIqmx'c rrtofla/u FoR RekeARi^A. To ckjmouSTRATe Pos^essioM of CoCa'ias uui-lh iUTetfF To GtehufcPu "me STATe. \S 9\S4uiPed To sV\ouo iW(d) RPPd\amp kNouj \msIN. 13J Possessed, Ci\ CocA\Ae<. tm \ u aw ArmuMT SRemsA Taam Pour <=\RAms W ks& Taau Tvjl>c kukvdRpd SRAms VSj uui^A \jjrewr to ds\\v)eR iW. Coca\m£. T&c lAeAhk / SaPcfi lode Amu. M3LU3L cap LA, \i\ oRdeR To pRoue The umIaujFuI Possession oF a CoKlFRollsd SuksTAMCC l:\emeiTT oF tVi<l cW<^d cffu&L, The STATe Faust PRss^mt Su;deMcoC~TkATPU APPsIIak\x 2*eftc\Std CjomtRoP mAMAe,e.me^r. CusrodM, oft CARe aoeR The. SuhsxAMc£. ftud [%\ P.PPellAKvT kMeu3 Trrr^ nrr^ mA\xe^ Pos&i^ses uuas Cce/UMe, MS Fool Cffi.. befsMdAivrr uft^es tW The So\de/uce is. 'mSuFFiCvSKT To SSTPvhhsh Tke_ APPsAkiviT kAd ACTuaI CaR^ CusvocN AMd CnutRol oF Th^ CoCAWfc. \M^uesho\L SSL. FloRts u s\aU_ 4%T s.ul>. ad. Aol. Cis*. ca;m. A9R m7^ \exis r?og. A Coiu\oP\om om C\RCumSTAUX\A\ Soid<?MCe_ CAMUoT bfc. SuSTA\U^d \F The ClRCiim- STfAMC^e PRODS, rdp MoX £^C_\ude £OiR4 aWSft RSAS>oMAkk_ WNK^S'iS £SkL5UPT TAAV oFlh^9su\P oF 1V|L (\CCuC£d AUd PROoF AmouMTiNS..
To cmi4 A GtRoMS SusP\cioM or me#e_ PRohAWkk ^ uiSuFRc^Arx k\Mh\e v/ sk^e MT4 Guvad.noHCTfciLflpp. ma) cuimoReo ^kAe>\4TSuj- Qd.q)sfT£l.£jLAffi\A(£\ A^d Vfroek u SkAe,, li&Tgt Cftm. ^gfl. flfo £m adT4sC^i cvx APR FeSLY £ee. PoiMde^R w Stat£_ 152, Suv2d. Mo3 Mos cm. cRtm. app. 9,00s^. &Uahs u skk float £.ti^3d. \tf )U fw. iS\ucp APPeWAMV uuAe k\ot \m e^ciu^o^ Possess\ou of ikee^ TiASS-VA^e. eoAS A\^o RS.P(U\R^d xo PRoosW4oAd A (ISASoMAhk dpUbTn-hAT APPelJAMT'S CoWMecl\oM TO dh^c CoGAtMe UjAS VY^oRe Thr^M ""SusT PoyTuvXouS- 2&£. P^ud^^TSR, \*>% s.uj.^d aP Mok ftdd\koUAh \MdeP^vdtKT PACTS AV\d Cve^um^Wce mu5F\\Mk APP- £..\IamT ^o diYL Coc_ia\A9_ \M Such AU3A4 dW \T Ca^i R^aSouaUH he CoMc\ud<^d -Vrtix AWsIIa^v ViAd kuovokd^L oF ihe CoCA\Ke Ak\d PtCSKc\s^ Co/xtRol ooiR \\. k;kUi- v) 5>\Ak ollo Scj^3d 1H, \8 CTfct <\W. kouStoMC\sV^sT.j qolo/peT R^f;d\ Sie A\So Rohegr vJ> STATe, SU\ 9.U)-3d 54S, S49.CT^ APP.d\ovjtSToMClH^b\si^ 3ol6 PfP R^fdJ pQSSeSSSoM Of C0CA\MR, iV\lW& CASS. mR.STATeN LOAl WOT \hX £SL-™ C\uS\we Comvrg\ oF tViS Car u^heae-rke.dRM4s vjoeRS_ fouwd TkeWc\SM vjodk CociA\Me SaV \m TV>e CUP holdtR AMd \U Paox- \VY\dv\ ATAd^ d SAS\lH AoSeSS\\de_ To VAIL SXA^M AMd MR. rAcdfAM A\-VVoua\o ma, StAT^M InAd iW k^lS To ihe CAR. ima. S1AT5M d'd MoT OUoM tW. CAR Aud The, CAR uuAS Uc5T P^e^S\eRpd To YYMl. SmT?M me. kv\oujKVTesr\P^d iW iV uja£ Ws car AMd ta_kr ma. Statin kAue Tke kevis To 9^o AMd Sep. a CtAAftske. Trie s.u\d£M<"<e im Tk\S CASe meRlhl SSTAk\\.cksS TtvAT VYTR. STAT^M vjuAS im.tW cbR UW" cda\vj£w AMd auoMsd Wi ma. Iouoooki, beMoMd tW, dksRL \s K\o-\h\M^ m xkeP^coRd To AFF\R\rAA\\v)ehi \\N.\k ma. STaT*m To The CocjA\Me. see-TRAine u SkAe kSS S.uofrd. So3.Crs^ciKm. APD.Mad k*\s> lo^T. ludkeAksR dkeiWorM oF PposeexdicN k oii ^e^cr PuoSecuTTcM. the soidmce musT AFF^mAkusW \\mW The Accused To, The CoKVTUAb AKid m Suck A mAWM^R Aud To Such am sit9kvt -vkAT A tlsASaMA.Ue mFeiLeAce mRvi AtuserFhsx T-he Acc_u^d kM?.iu oP ike CoMVUAkpsMd s^isk/vice AMd t\aax he S^SJRc\.esd CoixrRd oo^R \k S\uoR u ^-aYc SuPaw, fouhRH u S-Vfik- Supra. Tks AFP\ a.mRhus. \\Ak \s SS^khshed kl ShcujfMg Add- \kok\Ai Facts AMd c\wc_umsVAiv|ce u^koh \Kvd\OAVexvV\9 Accused !s kklOuisdAe AMd CoNXftd OP ike toh^^AAcL \jSShoMgs U sU\e Supr^ S>n\qr u sVpAe, Supra. T^xW4 u sl^Ve S^pra, mfchaoujAj TestA-\M.TrVi^T ks ujrs ~rke PeRSON\ uoho ctaooe To ~yW. cluh "thAT KWekr Aud ForsqTtW ke hrd AepT- Tke CocA\Nve \n The Car. m\2.haoujM PuR-Vksvx TesnRsd taat mtt. S^aY^m ckd mot Wovjj -vkftT ke AAd YeFTiTYe CoCAlA^e \m TP^: Car. See Smdh vj S^Ak- S\H Suuad VPi. Ct£NL. ca;m APP. \ciTH\ \sx\s \T12> Also TO-A^is v S^ATe ts^, e.uj.ad SoR CT91 orcm. app. mi\ Wis \av\. TkeRe uj>as mo ^.0\deMC^ cak\ Uukck To dUAUJ A \leASoN\^Ue MvlFeR^MCe dlAAT hiCAuSL. ma. ^a\^m had keMS To TPt Cja^i AK\d SA^ m -vh^ CARkkAT he kueuj ke AAd cj^r^ cusVodM CoMxad o>a. mAAAA9m^Nrr olk(l kMouulsd^e oFike c.ocp>tAe VY\R. sVa^^nv vj^as n\ox P(\essMT uJ-^n oFPc^r keW^R savuj dke SuksVAMce ^tW cmp ho\d^R. ne l^jas Wad^d V>Ack u\s\deTks c\ub. ke d\d m<st trniraed\A\eVi F\ee uPgm Tke ARRvut^I oP ike oFFtCfrR k^x meRs\4 AkmPkd TO Gt-PATRGAae klTS club,TheR? CjuAS Mo odoR oF CoCAvAS \K\s;deik^ CAR, iPAt'SWKv a,AS Ucsr ss.kW'lcM^ Av\v\ S\?,He oF bem3 UK\d<?RThe iK\F\ueMC_eoF Awtt dR^S. mR STAT94 hAd Alucid d\S£iJi&SlpM Re- Smdt\iv& "The ou^SRSkp of The CA& AAd The moweM Pe_hAd, <OFFiO£JR SAMCJAez., C,eJARck TYULSTfcT^M Aud did McST R*d ANN d^u&c^oo- CAme OR U£APonl<L OU km. OPFtOlR SAi^CJrKZ.T££V'i Fifed ThrTr mdSPATM ri\A Ni^x mpke AKM FuRTwoe ^eskats \K&\deTtoeCAR om The ujav To ths- oluk OR lMS\de,Tke ckk me.SWkM dd M6T A^emPT To Co^eeiftl kdeoR SBUl^X AM Cr^XflphiANd Fouud ^\ CAt . ike Wlc oF A^emPT To CoMR_eAl The CoCAiAe ReFWxs ihrtv he krrd Mo kklouokd^e qPtW CoCAiAe Pkis?mX HAP. STAT2M oM^ AfkR ksiMS \N\FoRm^d THAT CoCAiAe iauAS FbuMd \MS\de TkecAR. \mmedip\kl1! Told oFFfceR SAMdr^e TFiat The Car cjuac, Mox his AK\d iWdhe oujmsr vjoas >MS\de the club.
NcdkiMA mdfdJftkd Thar AMI.STaTSW HAcei Them \K\Sidexhe CAR nwRiArri We, a cjruyv^aW uj\kiTke lAousWi Pekoe dePARFm^a CR\me kh Te<T\R$d tPat sh^ rkd M6T TsST ir\e Settle foRThe 9asseMoe of Cpcav\Me on arm omca CoMXRAkAMd. She Snwo Re sidue Resem\d\N& ouhde PouxleR WTkeRe uupvs mo £o\d§Mce tW Tne Res\due tioAS CoMTRAhAMd of AF\4 k»ud Mo £ukk/v\ce vuuas Produced tW The sc^\e uoeue in Pact u&?d or Aksmn^d To ke_useb4 YTTR. S\aYsn do kMoujtM?kl £M?\A<ac m Possession OF CoCAlMe Uuidh |K\TSNvT To fdellu^R. rcMo P\M°£RPU(AT^ OR ft MA. ^oidsivice s\aouj tt\at tv\r. sWsm VyamcI\sThe Scjdeor.us$d iW S^c-Ale or VmtsdledW bA^SM uu.TP Tke Coerce m AM fAAKlM^R v uTQ.. Statsm AR^ues ike S-VaWs eoid^Mce ekd Mesr exclude The PoSSdhkdM -thATTkS-. P\MS£RPaiMT'.£ IM ^UeshoM ViAd hem Pkesd oM^ke kAS94 MsosRVW\ess,Tke PRes^vce op ma. S\atsm Ra^- PRmXS ON\ThehA?^4 \£ A PACTdRTo keC^MS\deR^d \F\ SWxjU>kK CWrrftol of xke_ caa^Nve see aIVslm v> SkAe %*\<i Su^.^d WT\. C-\&l m ice® levee Hog. The ckue PPocess c\Ause oF The FouRT^Pk A(y\9k^- PoRX^d b4 evj\df:Mce.ThAT A RaYvomaI TU^\7 oP FACT Could ACCEPT AS ^UFP^CieNvT To PRoOe_ A\\ ^vke_ elem^i^vTS oP Tkl oFFs/v^C Qrou^h tuoq -^eFskvdAMT Aaquss Tttat APP^aI CouMSil £.i\$A Tno CASe TO SUPPORT h\S PoSlYvoM TkATTke SuidPMCe IS \K.\SuPF<cvv^vT. See meKnoRAdum oPtK\(oM PT vSiF IM ftobgJRSoM VJ ShpYe 8Q S-Uj-Sd. ^ol CXS1 APP.-AovxSXaM<S\^\^^\ QLQQ9L, PiX n^PrA \ tW Ciounx fouKld Tke 9u td^iee \K\RuFFvd.;^rr To Support a (Lcji^>wx\ok\ Fo»t. Poss^.ss\om oF CoCAiwe, The riepsMdAivir ujas Tne_diR\oeiR oP a oskderW A\6 mot heloMs To him. Tuoo PaseeMSaK vjL>eae. uudh km. Tne oFFioia h*\d the OccuPAkvrS ,SeT our oF xhe Car aP T^VTSV CRAdc doe^iNve uuas.
Fouivid tM Tke^OAdujAM OF tke pASSe/U€>£JL Side oFths CAR AHid OM Tke PASSSMSSR Side P\ocRhor\nd. ikecoFRci.9R. PouMd Mo CawLpbomci OR UoFAPSoU OM TkedfPSMdAiuT. £d aP^H. Tke CoufTT CdMClud£. ThfiX -vk?ae uueae \MSuFF\ct$uT lilies To Ccmuccx ike deFswdAHxWeAuse Tker)?FPfjdtvr UljAR NioT UMd?R Tke ^MPiuSMCe oF dllU^, Hrtd AJO CcMXRADAMd GM Ws P^RSoiV* Mo odofL of CoCAi^e UpA£ ^NV iki CAR AMd ATo sTAkrmMT hH ike PASSeK^RS CoMU^crtd ThedeftMdAMT To ikedaU^S. APhoUSh VXMltlce kohfRSoM. CoCAlKS_ uoAe Found .,IKV tke cup ko\d?.R K-Vsar ULjhesL-e ma. sPaxsw sa\. APPsiIamx uuas mot suH-to<mlhl CoMMe<^d To Tke CoCAiNle W^d ok ahH da&umsiA/uce mdioApMS he Wlo oFtke CoMtRAhAiad'A Prss^mcf. vim \Aekc_d vj SViaYs, ^9>h S.uogtd xiF n°\q Cteh cairn. APP. ftrti ihe Court Foukvd TMSuFFvcisiXT \>n\W ]o CoMN\ecx The deF^KidAMXOM xhe CoKVXR-AbAKvd-The rd^F^AidAKn- vM UelVoel uul^S The davU^^L A\oM3 vytUrx TU3o PASSeMA^Re STcpP?d kl The Police. TheoFF(C?R MoPcsd T\aat The. Pa^iv^r^ uoeee. MVe&vvouc, p^d xhe tmdcs>9rcx Pf^&^ae Pei^ed sWp. omtVis Sfflt uiwe ike ^acIcssax vjuAskhMS ihe GFFvceR <d^Covjr?u^d xuoo Wvdcs oP VIAAftJ \<uana. Tke.o\SFfkvdrtNcr VYTAd^ Mo PuRUoe <esSfdx\R£S, LOA^ MGT KVeUUouC, \ftMr) hAd /Jo <Cok.mxAhAN\d om h^.TTVrRe u_>ftS Mo ProoF hekMouodW^Pl FbSSesSfd "The CcMTRAki^d. TTn^ Court FouMd. iMSUFFicr^MX \«N\k WuuSSM tk9 c\FFfwdlAk\T Ak\d tW CoMtRAppvvjd \iv\ -rks cacs pAR SYaWiW udas Mot VTeROouS, mAdsL mo FuRk^e ^^SAu^S m\d Af\d Mo CcMxXLApAf^d oivi km. iksRS (jors Mo Proof he kkiovA^M^k Possessed TAe.CRAc\c CoeAvMe\s\ tWcup hdd?R LjL)\c^ea\g\ u sYftk. s^\ S»uj.od \^CT^.ciiim wppa^i^ \em VX^fi xW Court ReueRS9d tW ""^ud^rYWMX R£\)G>kiv\A The PUokAhcM WcAU^e Tke euideiaee, uoas MvvsaFFtc^is\T to Shou> ikAx app^IIakvx Possiss^d mAR\KuAN\A. Tke CpvART FovjNkd Mo SOideAce FiAlcAv^ APP£iW\T TO Th<ediRuqs s^c^px Ws Pfto^mAM \u The Cjar to uuheaexke rv\AR- ShuAk\A uuAsS PoUKid AMd A PASeeMS%R C.\A\m^d OUJMtRSk.P oFXhe oiRUCK IM xkii, eA^e ATft. sVax^iv-l luas mgx xkeoujNv^a of the e.v^« Ai^d Tke W&4 Uoi^k CoCAvivie SAV \in\ t\ne CUP ko\a?R AMd cVs PRox- trvwdn YWAde d sas\Vm Accessible To ma sTax^m amo) ma. wc \paw. mR. boouj/a xesx\FiTd \V vjoAS h\S car Aud ThAT kedRooe \3
Case-law data current through December 31, 2025. Source: CourtListener bulk data.