NUMBER 13-18-00486-CV COURT OF APPEALS THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS CORPUS CHRISTI - EDINBURG

CALHOUN PORT AUTHORITY, Appellant, v. VICTORIA ADVOCATE PUBLISHING CO., Appellee.

On appeal from the 135th District Court of Calhoun County, Texas.

MEMORANDUM OPINION Before Chief Justice Contreras and Justices Benavides and Hinojosa Memorandum Opinion by Chief Justice Contreras This is an appeal of an interlocutory order denying a plea to the jurisdiction in a suit brought under the Texas Open Meetings Act (TOMA). See TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN. ch. 551 (West, Westlaw through 2017 1st C.S.). By four issues, appellant Calhoun Port Authority (CPA) argues that the trial court erred in denying its jurisdictional challenges to the suit filed by appellee Victoria Advocate Publishing Co. (the Advocate), a newspaper publisher. We vacate the trial court’s judgment and dismiss the case for want of jurisdiction.

I. BACKGROUND This case involves CPA’s May 9, 2018 decision to hire former United States Representative Blake Farenthold as a lobbyist. The Advocate filed suit alleging that CPA failed to provide proper notice under TOMA that Farenthold’s hiring would be deliberated or discussed at the May 9 meeting of CPA’s board of commissioners.1 The Advocate’s suit asked the trial court to: (1) declare that CPA violated TOMA by deliberating and discussing the hiring of Farenthold without legally adequate notice; (2) issue an injunction “revers[ing] or void[ing]” the hiring and “prevent[ing] future violations of [TOMA]”; and (3) award costs and attorney’s fees to the Advocate. The Advocate argued that the decision to hire Farenthold was “of special interest to the public” due to Farenthold’s “current notoriety arising from the circumstances of his recent resignation” from Congress.

In a third amended petition, the Advocate further alleged that CPA, in response to the initial filing of suit, noticed a special board meeting for May 24, 2018. According to the Advocate, at the May 24 meeting, the board “removed the role of the Port Director” in determining Farenthold’s employment—an action which the Advocate argued was also unlawful under TOMA because it was not stated in the notice. The Advocate alleged that, instead of holding a public vote on Farenthold’s hiring, the board held a vote on whether

CPA filed a plea to the jurisdiction arguing: (1) there is no justiciable controversy because the Advocate alleged no “action” that can be voided under TOMA2; (2) the Advocate’s claims are moot due to the decisions made by the board at the May 24 meeting; and (3) there is no justiciable controversy concerning publication of the Certified Agenda of the May 9 meeting because CPA “alleges no viable basis for public disclosure of the Certified Agenda under TOMA.” The Advocate filed a response. After a hearing, the trial court denied the plea. CPA later filed an amended plea to the jurisdiction addressing the claims made in the Advocate’s third amended petition, which the trial court also denied.3 This accelerated interlocutory appeal followed. See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 51.014(a)(8) (West, Westlaw through 2017 1st C.S.) (allowing immediate appeal of interlocutory order denying a plea to the jurisdiction by a governmental unit); id. § 101.001 (West, Westlaw through 2017 1st C.S.) (defining “governmental unit” to include a navigation district); TEX. SPEC. DIST. CODE ANN. § 5003.002 (West, Westlaw through 2017 1st C.S.) (stating that CPA “is a navigation district”).

3CPA also filed a motion for summary judgment and an amended motion for summary judgment; however, the record does not contain a ruling on those motions. In any event, CPA does not argue on appeal that the trial court erred in denying its summary judgment motions, and so we do not consider the issue here.

Following the initial round of briefing in this appeal, the Advocate notified this Court on January 16, 2019, that Farenthold has resigned his position with CPA, thereby rendering the Advocate’s claims moot to the extent they seek to have Farenthold’s hiring declared void.

II. DISCUSSION CPA argues on appeal that the trial court erred by denying its plea for four reasons: (1) there is no justiciable controversy because the Advocate did not allege any board “action,” such as a vote, that would be voidable under TOMA; (2) prospective injunctive relief is not permitted under TOMA where there is no “pattern and practice of past violations”; (3) TOMA section 551.104 does not permit a court to order publication of a Certified Agenda “based solely on a putatively inadequate meeting notice”; and (4) the Uniform Declaratory Judgments Act (UDJA) does not expand jurisdiction beyond the “limited waiver” for claims made under TOMA.

A. Standard of Review A plea to the jurisdiction is a dilatory plea used to defeat a cause of action without regard to whether the claims asserted have merit. Bland Indep. Sch. Dist. v. Blue, 34 S.W.3d 547, 554 (Tex. 2000). The plaintiff has the initial burden to plead facts affirmatively showing that the trial court has subject matter jurisdiction. Tex. Ass’n of Bus. v. Tex. Air Control Bd., 852 S.W.2d 440, 446 (Tex. 1993). Whether a trial court has subject matter jurisdiction and whether the pleader has alleged facts that affirmatively demonstrate the trial court's subject matter jurisdiction are questions of law that we review de novo. Tex. Dep’t of Parks & Wildlife v. Miranda, 133 S.W.3d 217, 226 (Tex. 2004); Tex. Natural Res. Conservation Comm’n v. IT-Davy, 74 S.W.3d 849, 855 (Tex. 2002).

We construe the pleadings liberally in favor of the pleader, look to the pleader’s intent, and accept as true the factual allegations in the pleadings. See Miranda, 133 S.W.3d at 226, 228.

If a plea to the jurisdiction challenges the existence of jurisdictional facts, we consider relevant evidence submitted by the parties when necessary to resolve the jurisdictional issues raised, as the trial court is required to do, even when the evidence implicates the merits of the cause of action. Id. at 227; see City of Waco v. Kirwan, 298 S.W.3d 618, 622 (Tex. 2009).

B. Applicable Law TOMA requires that every regular, special, or called meeting of a governmental body be open to the public, with certain exceptions. TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN. § 551.002.

The governmental body must give written public notice of the date, hour, place, and subject of each meeting. Id. §§ 551.041, .043. Generally, notice is sufficient if it informs the reader that “some action” will be considered with regard to the topic. Lower Colo. River Auth. v. City of San Marcos, 523 S.W.2d 641, 646 (Tex. 1975); City of Donna v. Ramirez, 548 S.W.3d 26, 35 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2017, pet. denied). The required specificity of the notice is directly proportional to the level of public interest in the topic to be discussed. Cox Enters., Inc. v. Bd. of Trustees of Austin Indep. Sch. Dist., 706 S.W.2d 956, 959 (Tex. 1986); City of Donna, 548 S.W.3d at 35.

An action taken by a governmental body in violation of TOMA is voidable. TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN. § 551.141. “An interested person, including a member of the news media, may bring an action by mandamus or injunction to stop, prevent, or reverse a violation or threatened violation of [TOMA] by members of a governmental body.” Id.

§ 551.142(a) (West, Westlaw through 2017 1st C.S.). This provision waives governmental immunity to suit for violations of TOMA’s provisions and authorizes suits for mandamus or injunctive relief against governmental bodies. City of Donna, 548 S.W.3d at 35.4 C. Analysis We must first address whether this proceeding is moot given Farenthold’s resignation. A case is moot when either no live controversy exists between the parties or the parties have no legally cognizable interest in the outcome. City of Krum, Tex. v. Rice, 543 S.W.3d 747, 749 (Tex. 2017) (per curiam). “Put simply, a case is moot when the court’s action on the merits cannot affect the parties’ rights or interests.” Heckman v. Williamson Cty., 369 S.W.3d 137, 162 (Tex. 2012). “A case becomes moot if a controversy ceases to exist between the parties at any stage of the legal proceedings, including the appeal.” In re Kellogg Brown & Root, Inc., 166 S.W.3d 732, 737 (Tex. 2005) (orig. proceeding). When a case becomes moot, the parties no longer have standing, which requires the court to dismiss for lack of jurisdiction. City of Krum, 543 S.W.3d at 750.

As noted, the Advocate concedes that its underlying claims are now moot to the extent that they seek to have Farenthold’s hiring invalidated or reversed. It argues,

We disagree. Although the Advocate raises TOMA-based complaints regarding the notice of CPA’s May 9, 2018 and May 24, 2018 closed board sessions, the only actions which it seeks to “stop, prevent, or reverse” are the decisions to hire and retain Farenthold. See TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN. § 551.142(a); Point Isabel Indep. Sch. Dist. v. Hinojosa, 797 S.W.2d 176, 182–83 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 1990, writ denied) (noting that “[t]he intent of the legislature . . . appears to be that only specific acts which violate [TOMA] are subject to being declared void” and holding that “defective notice of a meeting renders voidable only those specific actions which are in violation of [TOMA]”). Because those decisions have already been effectively reversed, there is no live case or controversy involving the May 9 and May 24 board sessions which the trial court could remedy by taking action on the merits. Accordingly, we conclude that all of the Advocate’s claims are now moot.

The Advocate also requested an order “prevent[ing] future violations” of TOMA.

As noted, TOMA allows a member of the news media to sue to “prevent” a “violation or

threatened violation” of TOMA. See TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN. § 551.142(a). Arguably, this specific claim is not moot, technically speaking, because it only seeks prospective relief.

However, again, the only actions which the Advocate alleges were violations of TOMA have already been effectively reversed, and it does not allege any “threatened violation” of the statute. See id. Accordingly, even assuming the request for an order preventing future TOMA violations is not moot, the trial court nevertheless lacks subject matter jurisdiction over this particular request because the Advocate has not pleaded facts establishing a waiver of CPA’s governmental immunity. See Tex. Ass’n of Bus., 852 S.W.2d at 446; City of Donna, 548 S.W.3d at 35. Specifically, it has not pleaded that there is any “threatened violation” of TOMA which the trial court should prevent. See TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN. § 551.142(a).

III. CONCLUSION CPA’s issues on appeal are sustained. We vacate the trial court’s judgment and dismiss the case for want of jurisdiction. See TEX. R. APP. P. 43.2(e).

DORI CONTRERAS Chief Justice Delivered and filed the 11th day of April, 2019.