Texas Court of Appeals, 15th District, 2025

The Conservation Society of San Antonio and Lewis Vetter v. University of Texas at San Antonio and City of San Antonio

The Conservation Society of San Antonio and Lewis Vetter v. University of Texas at San Antonio and City of San Antonio
Texas Court of Appeals, 15th District · Decided April 17, 2025
The Conservation Society of San Antonio and Lewis Vetter v. University of Texas at San Antonio and City of San Antonio

Opinion

ACCEPTED ÿ ÿÿ 15-25-00043-CV 15-25-00043-CV ÿ ÿ ÿŽÿ’“”•–—˜Ž™“”ÿ•“’™Žšÿ“›ÿ•˜”ÿ˜”Ž“”™“ÿœÿž™•ÿ—ŽŽ– FIFTEENTH COURT OF APPEALS AUSTIN, TEXAS  ÿ’™Žšÿ“›ÿ•˜”ÿ˜”Ž“”™“ÿ˜”Ÿÿ”™—–•™Žšÿ“›ÿސ¡˜•ÿ•˜”ÿ˜”Ž“”™“ 4/17/2025 4:52 PM 9  ÿ CHRISTOPHER A. PRINE  !"ÿ CLERK #$3%&3&'(6))3*+3&ÿ,+1+3$3%+ÿÿ -./01 2ÿ  080/3/0ÿ ! 4 "ÿ FILED IN 15th COURT OF APPEALS ÿÿÿÿ#553661+3ÿ(67)+8ÿÿ ¢£¤¥ÿ’¦§¨¤ÿ¦©ÿ˜ªª«¬­® 4/17/2025 AUSTIN, TEXAS 9+6ÿ:3ÿ7;63&ÿ;%ÿ+<3ÿ*67)+ÿ67ÿ155316=ÿ756%ÿ53)73*+;6%ÿ67ÿ155316ÿ7%&CHRISTOPHER 3)ÿ>?#0ÿ@4:52:52 ABÿA.PMPRINE CDEFGÿIJKLMNJÿNPLKJÿQRSÿLTTUVURWLXÿPLSVUJNÿYÿLVVRSWJZNÿUNÿXU[UVJTÿRWÿV\UNÿQRS[]ÿZRMÿKLWÿUWKXMTJÿV\JÿUWQRS[LVURWÿRWÿLÿNJPLSClerk LVJÿTRKM[JWV^ÿ_NÿPJSÿ̀a_bÿ cd^eÿLWTÿf^g]ÿPXJLNJÿUWKXMTJÿPLSVZhNÿWL[JÿLWTÿV\JÿWL[J]ÿLTTSJNN]ÿJ[LUXÿLTTSJNN]ÿVJXJP\RWJÿWM[iJS]ÿQLjÿWM[iJS]ÿUQÿLWZ]ÿLWTÿkVLVJÿILSÿlM[iJSÿRQÿV\Jÿ PLSVZhNÿXJLTÿKRMWNJX^ÿmQÿV\JÿPLSVZÿUNÿWRVÿSJPSJNJWVJTÿiZÿLWÿLVVRSWJZ]ÿV\LVÿPLSVZhNÿWL[J]ÿLTTSJNN]ÿVJXJP\RWJÿWM[iJS]ÿQLjÿWM[iJSÿN\RMXTÿiJÿPSRnUTJT^ÿ 899 11 899 ÿ8  !"ÿoÿ p ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ03)=6%ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿq)21%;r1+;6%ÿ ÿÿÿÿÿŒ31&ÿ#++6)%3†ÿ –«¤¬´¯«±ÿ˜¤¤¦¨¯«° s1$38ÿŽÿ’“”•–—˜Ž™“”ÿ•“’™Žšÿ“›ÿ•˜”ÿ˜”Ž“”™“ÿ s1$38ÿŸ¬È±́ÿ¿ÿ’¬¼ª¬ÿ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ0)6ÿ,3ÿ& LEWIS VETTER 1)ÿs6ˆÿ·¸¹Â»ÊÊ¢ tuÿvwxÿyzÿv{w|}~ÿz|zwÿ|€zÿuxx‚ƒ„ÿƒuxw {|ƒxGÿ ‹;)$'#23%*†8ÿŽ¥«ÿµ¬¨¤́¯«¶ÿ±«ÿ—¬¨¬ÿ¬³ÿ›´¨¼½ÿ¾’ #&&)3==8ÿ•««ÿ¬¤¤¦¨¯«°ÿ¬±±¨«®®ÿ²«­¦³ #&&)3==ÿ58ÿ¾¿“¿ÿÀ¦Áÿ»Â (;+†',+1+3'‡;58ÿ #&&)3==ÿA8ÿ >36ˆÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ‰Š+ˆÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ‹1Š8ÿÿÿÿÿÿ (;+†',+1+3'‡;58ÿ•¬¯ÿ˜¯¤¦¯´¦½ÿŽ¡ÿÂù» ‰$1;68ÿ >36ˆÿÿÄÿ·ÿÿ¢ÿÿ¹Åÿº··Æ¹»ÿÿ·ÿÿ»ÿÿÿÿÿÿ‰Š+ˆÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ‹1Š8ÿÿÿÿÿÿ 899 ÿ8  !" ‰$1;68ÿ±¬È±́Ǽ±È¿­¬³ ÿÿxÿÿÿŒ31&ÿ#++6)%3†ÿ –«¤¬´¯«±ÿ˜¤¤¦¨¯«° ÿÿÿÿÿŒ31&ÿ#++6)%3†ÿ –«¤¬´¯«±ÿ˜¤¤¦¨¯«° s1$38ÿ˜¨¤ÿµ¬¨¤́¯«¶ÿ±«ÿ—¬¨¬ÿ s1$38ÿ–¦²«¨¤ÿž¿ÿž™­®¦¯ 1)ÿs6ˆÿ·¸¹º¹·»¹ 1)ÿs6ˆÿ¹¹Âʸúà ‹;)$'#23%*†8ÿŽ¥«ÿµ¬¨¤́¯«¶ÿ±«ÿ—¬¨¬ÿ¬³ÿ›´¨¼½ÿ¾’ ‹;)$'#23%*†8ÿ•¬¯É¥«¶ÿœÿž´­®¦¯½ÿ¾’ #&&)3==ÿ58ÿ¾¿“¿ÿÀ¦Áÿ»Â #&&)3==ÿ58ÿº·¸»ÿ™ÿ¢¹ÿž«®¤ÿ½ÿ•§¤́«ÿ¢¹·£ #&&)3==ÿA8ÿ #&&)3==ÿA8ÿ (;+†',+1+3'‡;58ÿ•¬¯ÿ˜¯¤¦¯´¦½ÿŽ¡ÿÂù» (;+†',+1+3'‡;58ÿ•¬¯ÿ˜¯¤¦¯´¦½ÿŽ¡ÿÂ÷¹¢ >36ˆÿÿÄÿ·ÿÿ¢ÿÿ¹Åÿº··Æ¹»ÿÿ·ÿÿ»ÿÿÿÿÿÿ‰Š+ˆÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ‹1Š8ÿÿÿÿÿÿ >36ˆÿÿÄÿ·ÿÿ¢ÿÿ¹Åÿ···ÆÃÃÿÿÊÿÿÊÿÿÿÿÿÿ‰Š+ˆÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ‹1Š8ÿÿÿÿÿÿ ‰$1;68ÿ¬¨¤Ç¼±È¿­¬³& [email protected] ‰$1;68ÿ¨³³Ç®¬¯É¥«¶³´­®¦¯¿É¦¼, [email protected] ÿÿÿÿÿŒ31&ÿ#++6)%3†ÿ –« ¤¬´¯« ± ÿ ˜¤ ¤¦¨ ¯«° ÿÿÿÿÿŒ31&ÿ#++6)%3†ÿ –«¤¬´¯«±ÿ˜¤¤¦¨¯«° s1$38ÿ’¥¬¨­«®ÿ¿ÿ•´«¨¨¬ s1$38ÿµ¬¨Ëÿ˜¯¤¥¦¯°ÿ•¬¯É¥«¶ 1)ÿs6ˆÿ¢Ã»¸£»¹¹ 1)ÿs6ˆÿ¹¹Âʣ㠋;)$'#23%*†8ÿŽ¥«ÿµ¬¨¤́¯«¶ÿ±«ÿ—¬¨¬ÿ¬³ÿ›´¨¼½ÿ¾’ ‹;)$'#23%*†8ÿ•¬¯É¥«¶ÿœÿž´­®¦¯½ÿ¾’ #&&)3==ÿ58ÿ¾¿“¿ÿÀ¦Áÿ»Â #&&)3==ÿ58ÿº·¸»ÿ™ÿ¢¹ÿž«®¤ÿ½ÿ•§¤́«ÿ¢¹·£ #&&)3==ÿA8ÿ #&&)3==ÿA8ÿ (;+†',+1+3'‡;58ÿ•¬¯ÿ˜¯¤¦¯´¦½ÿŽ¡ÿÂù» (;+†',+1+3'‡;58ÿ•¬¯ÿ˜¯¤¦¯´¦½ÿŽ¡ÿÂù·¹¢ >36ˆÿÿÄÿ·ÿÿ¢ÿÿ¹Åÿº··Æ¹»·»ÿÿÿ‰Š+ˆÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ‹1Š8ÿÿÿÿÿÿ >36ˆÿÿÄÿ·ÿÿ¢ÿÿ¹Åÿ···ÆÃÃÿÿÊÿÿÊÿÿÿÿÿÿ‰Š+ˆÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ‹1Š8ÿÿÿÿÿÿ ‰$1;68ÿÉ¥¬¨­«®Ç®´«¨¨¬®ª«¬¨®¿É¦¼ ‰$1;68ÿ[email protected] & [email protected] 0123ÿ5ÿ67ÿ55ÿ 999  9  ÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ03 6ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ! 21"#1$"6ÿ ÿÿÿÿÿJ31>ÿ=$$6 3@ÿ Sabacd %1&3'ÿMNOPQRSOTUÿWXÿTQYZSÿSZNÿZNTWNOW %1&3'ÿ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ0 6ÿ(3ÿ K1 ÿ%6Fÿ )*ÿ,-.ÿ/0ÿ,1-234ÿ0520-ÿ260ÿ*.77.895:ÿ95*.-;129.5<ÿ I" &A=23L@'ÿ =>> 3 'ÿ[\WÿZTTWRNQUSÿZ]]RQSSQSÿ^Q_W` =>> 3 ÿ8'ÿ ?"$@A($1$3AB"C'ÿ =>> 3 ÿ5'ÿ D3EFÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿGH$FÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿI1H'ÿÿÿÿÿÿ ?"$@A($1$3AB"C'ÿ G&1"E'ÿ D3EFÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿGH$FÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿI1H'ÿÿÿÿÿÿ G&1"E'ÿ 9  ÿ ÿÿÿÿÿJ31>ÿ=$$6 3@ÿ RadefgahÿZddijgak ÿÿÿÿÿJ31>ÿ=$$6 3@ÿ Sabacd %1&3'ÿleddmanÿ^eopqejdgaj %1&3'ÿ K1 ÿ%6Fÿrsturutv K1 ÿ%6Fÿ I" &A=23L@'ÿZjpwjoxdÿyÿ^jingzÿ{__[ I" &A=23L@'ÿ =>> 3 ÿ8'ÿ|ttÿ[igqjaxxÿZ}agoazÿSofdaÿ|~tt =>> 3 ÿ8'ÿ =>> 3 ÿ5'ÿ =>> 3 ÿ5'ÿÿ ?"$@A($1$3AB"C'ÿZoxdfgzÿTaexÿ€€t| ?"$@A($1$3AB"C'ÿ D3EFÿ‚ÿvÿÿ|ÿÿrÿƒÿs~v„r~ÿtÿÿtÿÿÿÿÿÿÿGH$FÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿI1H'ÿÿÿÿÿÿ D3EFÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿGH$FÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿI1H'ÿÿÿÿÿÿ G&1"E'ÿpweopqejdgaj eweoxdfg†cipzÿ G&1"E'ÿ ÿÿÿÿÿJ31>ÿ=$$6 3@ÿ RadefgahÿZddijgak ÿÿÿÿÿJ31>ÿ=$$6 3@ÿ Sabacd %1&3'ÿ‡ofbbajpiÿZ†ÿZbejcig %1&3'ÿ K1 ÿ%6Fÿrstˆˆ|€u K1 ÿ%6Fÿ I" &A=23L@'ÿZjpwjoxdÿyÿ^jingzÿ{__[ I" &A=23L@'ÿ =>> 3 ÿ8'ÿ|ttÿ[igqjaxxÿZ}agoazÿSofdaÿ|~tt =>> 3 ÿ8'ÿ =>> 3 ÿ5'ÿ =>> 3 ÿ5'ÿ ?"$@A($1$3AB"C'ÿZoxdfgzÿTaexÿ€€t| ?"$@A($1$3AB"C'ÿ D3EFÿÿ‚ÿvÿÿ|ÿÿrƒÿs~v„r~ÿÿtÿÿtÿÿÿÿÿÿGH$FÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿI1H'ÿÿÿÿÿÿ D3EFÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿGH$FÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿI1H'ÿÿÿÿÿÿ G&1"E'ÿqebejcig eweoxdfg†cip G&1"E'ÿ

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&1'3#ÿ}E{HHPÿVWZLj~ZXXE (1ÿ&7)ÿQRSS_ggQ (1ÿ&7)ÿQR__URRr *+',-23%./#ÿsZPtEnHt[ÿ^GbXmEPZ[ÿVPNLnZÿYÿuEXXZP[ÿ\^ *+',-23%./#ÿsZPtEnHt[ÿ^GbXmEPZ[ÿVPNLnZÿYÿuEXXZP[ÿ\^ -""300ÿ5#ÿrTS_ÿDmVnnbXFHOÿvOIp[ÿaLbFHÿRS_ -""300ÿ5#rÿTS_ÿDmVnnbXFHOÿvOIp[ÿaLbFHÿRS_ -""300ÿ1#ÿ -""300ÿ1#ÿ 2+ /, 1 3,3+4#ÿaEPÿVPFZPbZ[ÿdHeEXÿfgQ_T 2+ /, 1 3,3+4#ÿaEPÿVPFZPbZ[ÿdHeEXÿfgQ_T 536)ÿÿhÿQÿÿ_ÿÿSÿÿiÿÿUÿTÿÿrÿÿjÿgÿÿUÿÿSÿÿSÿÿÿÿÿÿ78 )ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ*18#ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ 536)ÿÿhÿQÿÿ_ÿSÿÿiÿÿUÿÿTÿÿrÿÿjÿgÿÿUÿÿSÿÿSÿÿÿÿÿÿ78 )ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ*18#ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ 7'1+6#ÿXmGbXmEPZkNmE|nEIlmZM 7'1+6#ÿPEWZLjGZXXEkNmE|nEIlmZM /#ÿoPb̀HOXbFpÿZqÿdHeEXÿaEPÿVPFZPbZ 01 /#ÿoPb̀HOXbFpÿZqÿdHeEXÿaEPÿVPFZPbZ 3ÿ 3!3"#ÿ9:;<=;>9>? ÿ $1%%3ÿ 3!3"#ÿ@A@BC@ &1'3#ÿwZPPEÿDmxnOZpÿYÿuEFpÿyZÿzbmGEO{X (1ÿ&7)ÿ_cUgQSUS *+',-23%./#ÿwp|HMEÿsZXXHFFÿ\]]^ -""300ÿ5#ÿ__Qÿxlÿ\HmEP[ÿaLbFHÿ_gSS -""300ÿ1#ÿ 2+ /, 1 3,3+4#ÿaEPÿVPFZPbZ[ÿdHeEXÿfgQSU 536)ÿÿhÿQÿÿ_ÿSÿÿiÿÿUÿÿUÿÿRÿÿjÿUÿÿQÿÿfÿÿQÿÿÿÿÿÿ78 )ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ*18#ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ 7'1+6#ÿ{MmHnOZpk{p|HMElmZMÿYÿ|ObmGEO{Xk{p|HMElmZM /#ÿ^bFpÿZqÿaEPÿVPFZPbZ ÿ 0123ÿ56ÿ78ÿ55ÿ

Case-law data current through December 31, 2025. Source: CourtListener bulk data.