In re Tejeda
In re Tejeda
Opinion of the Court
On this date came on to be considered the above-styled and numbered Chapter 13 case and, in particular, the Trustee's Objection to Claim of Wells Fargo Bank (ECF No. 16) ("Objection to Claim"). The Court held a hearing on this matter on March 22, 2018, and took the matter under *833advisement. The parties were allowed to file briefs in support by April 23, 2018. The Court has jurisdiction over this matter pursuant to
FACTUAL BASIS AND PARTIES CONTENTIONS
Debtor filed a petition for bankruptcy relief with this Court under chapter 13 (ECF No. 1) on July 3, 2017. On October 23, 2017, the Chapter 13 Trustee (the "Trustee") filed her Objection to Claim of Wells Fargo Bank (ECF No. 16). Debtor filed her Response to Trustee's Objection to Proof of Claim of Wells Fargo on October 26, 2017. On November 29, 2017, Creditor Wells Fargo Bank filed a Response to Trustee's Objection to Claim of Wells Fargo Bank (ECF No. 24). On April 23, 2018, Trustee filed her Brief in Support of Trustee's Objection to Claim of Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (Claim # 2-1) (ECF No. 48). On the same day, Wells Fargo filed its Supplemental Brief of Wells Fargo in Support of its Response to Chapter 13 Trustee's Objection to Proof of Claim (ECF No. 49). Also on the same day, Debtor filed her Brief in Support of Debtor's Response to Trustee's Objection to Proof of Claim and in Support of Confirmation of Chapter 13 Plan (ECF No. 51).
The factual basis of the Motion is not contested. Juan R. Ramirez and Sonia A. Ramirez ("Mr. and Ms. Ramirez") executed a note with Accredited Mortgage Services on April 11, 2008, which was secured by property located at 3326 Gazelle Range, San Antonio, Texas. The Note and Deed of Trust were subsequently assigned to Wells Fargo Bank (the "Creditor"). On July 3, 2014, Debtor entered into a Note and Deed of Trust to Secure Assumption with a five year balloon payment with Mr. and Ms. Ramirez concerning the above referenced property. Debtor has no contractual obligations to Creditor and does not have privity of contract concerning the contract executed between Mr. and Ms. Ramirez and Creditor. There is no evidence that Creditor contested the sale of July 3, 2014, and Creditor does not object to its treatment under the Debtor's chapter 13 plan. On October 16, 2017, Creditor filed Claim # 2 as secured by a recorded Deed of Trust in the aggregate amount of $243,010.89, which includes arrears of $17,431.30.
The sole basis for the Objection to Claim is that Debtor is a stranger to the contract between Creditor and Mr. and Ms. Ramirez, and therefore, Creditor cannot be forced to now participate in Debtor's bankruptcy because there is no contractual relationship between Creditor and Debtor. Stated differently, Trustee believes that the lack of privity between Debtor and Creditor makes the Claim invalid.
Debtor, however, argues that by operation of
Creditor also responded to the Objection to Claim and generally denied each and every allegation contained within the Objection *834to Claim. Creditor further contends that it consents to the treatment of its Claim in Debtor's case and wishes to participate within the bankruptcy process.
LEGAL ANALYSIS
The question this Court must answer is whether the Objection to Claim should be granted on the basis that there is no privity of contract between Debtor and Creditor. This Court finds that a lack of privity will not prevent Creditor from participating in this bankruptcy case.
The Court, as an initial matter, finds no Fifth Circuit case law that deals with this exact issue. The Circuit has, however, consistently ruled that a bankruptcy "claim" shall be defined broadly, in keeping with Johnson v. Home State Bank ,
Trustee focuses on the definition of a "creditor" within the Bankruptcy Code. Under Section 101(10), the term "creditor" is defined as-
(a) entity that has a claim against the debtor that arose at the time of or before the order for relief concerning the debtor;
(b) entity that has a claim against the estate of a kind specified in section 348(d),502(f), 502(g), 502(h) and 502(i) of this title; or
(c) entity that has a community claim.
In response, Creditor argues that Trustee's analysis of a creditor is incomplete because it does not consider the meaning of "claim against the debtor" under Section 102(2) which Creditor believes to be outcome determinative. Section 102(2) states that "[i]n this title-'claim against the debtor' includes claim against property of the debtor ."
Debtor also directs this Court to the Johnson case for the proposition that Congress intended to incorporate the broadest definition of "claim" possible. Johnson ,
A mortgage lien securing an obligation for which a debtor's personal liability has been discharged in a Chapter 7 liquidation *835is a 'claim' within the meaning of 11 U.S.C.A. 101(5) and is subject to inclusion in an approved Chapter 13 reorganization plan. Congress intended in 11 U.S.C.A. 101(5) to incorporate the broadest available definition of 'claim[.]'
Id. at 78 (citation omitted). In the case at bar, there is no issue about extinguished personal liability. Debtor cites this case for the proposition that the definition of "claim" is broad, and as such, the treatment of Creditor in the plan should stand regardless of privity between Debtor and Creditor. Further, the Johnson Court noted:
Even after the debtor's personal obligations have been extinguished, the mortgage holder still retains a "right to payment" in the form of its right to the proceeds from the sale of the debtor's property. Alternatively, the creditor's surviving right to foreclose on the mortgage can be viewed as a "right to an equitable remedy" for the debtor's default on the underlying obligation. Either way, there can be no doubt that the surviving mortgage interest corresponds to an "enforceable obligation" of the debtor.
Id. at 84. The Court further analyzed Section 102(2) and reinforced its holding that the mortgagee had a claim:
[Section] 102(2) establishes, as a "[r]ul[e] of construction," that the phrase " 'claim against the debtor' includes claim against property of the debtor." A fair reading of Section 102(2) is that a creditor who, like the Bank in this case, has a claim enforceable only against the debtor's property nonetheless has a "claim against the debtor" for purposes of the Code.
Id. Thus, Johnson 's holding is consistent with the facts in the case at bar. Creditor's "claim" must be given the broadest possible definition available in keeping with Johnson 's holding.
Trustee relies on two cases in support of her argument that lack of privity extinguishes Wells Fargo's inclusion in Debtor's case: In re Mullin ,
In Tewell , a creditor held the first mortgage lien on real property through a note and mortgage agreement with Alex Almaraz. Tewell ,
In Mullin , the debtor was not a maker on the original note. Mullin ,
The distinction between the Mullin and Tewell cases and the case at bar is that here, Creditor has not objected to its treatment under Debtor's case. In the Mullin and Tewell cases, the respective creditors objected to their inclusion within each respective debtor's case. Here, Creditor wishes to be included within the case by filing briefs with the Court to further support Debtor's position. The Court cannot ignore this distinction. Moreover, Mullin and Tewell focus on the impediment of the creditor's rights. Here, Creditor cannot have its rights impeded when it has consented to its treatment within Debtor's plan.
Further, a plain reading of
Here, Debtor has what amounts to a wraparound mortgage. A wraparound mortgage is defined as-
[A] subsequent and subordinate mortgage secured by real property upon which there exists a first mortgage that is outstanding and unsatisfied. The purchase money wraparound mortgage differs from a conventional second mortgage in that the wraparound seller in the transaction remains personally liable under any prior obligation, but the purchaser never becomes personally obligated for such.
*837Greenland Vistas, Inc. v. Plantation Place Assocs., Ltd. ,
CONCLUSION
IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that Trustee's Objection to Claim of Wells Fargo Bank (ECF No. 16) is DENIED.
Unless otherwise noted, all references to the United States Code appear under Title 11.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- IN RE: Rosa M. Diaz TEJEDA, Debtor.
- Status
- Published