Molina v. DSI Renal, Inc.
Molina v. DSI Renal, Inc.
Opinion of the Court
REVISED ORDER GRANTING IN PART AND DENYING IN PART MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT
On this day, the court considered Defendant DSI Renal, Inc.’s (“DSI”) “Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment” (“Motion for Summary Judgment”) [ECF No. 16], filed September 19, 2011; Plaintiff Maria Molina’s (“Molina”) “Plaintiffs Response to Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment” (“Response”) [ECF No. 17], filed October 3, 2011; and “Defendant’s Reply in Support of Motion for Summary Judgment” (“Reply”) [ECF No. 18], filed October 17, 2011. After considering the parties’ arguments, the applicable law, and the Record as a whole, the court will grant in part and deny in part DSI’s Motion for Summary Judgment.
I. BACKGROUND
A. Procedural History
Molina filed her “Plaintiffs Original Petition” (“Petition”) in state court on November 19,2010.
B. Factual Background
Except where noted, the following facts are undisputed.
Molina is a certified medical assistant.
DSI acquired the Clinic in April 2006.
In September 2006 Molina’s doctor again restricted her from lifting over 15 pounds due to her back injury.
After this procedure, Molina returned to work on November 2, 2009.
At some point, higher-level management at DSI learned that Loya was allowing
Molina filed an EEOC charge on February 25, 2010.
Molina subsequently underwent surgery in May to replace two discs in her back.
C. Parties ’ Arguments
DSI contends summary judgment on Molina’s claims for disability discrimination is warranted, because Molina cannot establish she is a qualified individual with a disability. DSI further argues it had no duty to accommodate Molina because she never requested an accommodation, and even if she had, no reasonable accommodation existed to allow her to work with her medical restrictions. DSI contends Molina is unable to establish that DSI terminated her because of her disability and in retaliation for her EEO activity, because the company had a legitimate non-discriminatory reason for its action. Specifically, DSI asserts it terminated Molina because of her inability to return to work without medical restrictions after her FMLA leave expired. DSI maintains Molina cannot establish that the company’s reason is pretextual.
Molina argues she can establish that she is disabled based on evidence that she was substantially limited in the major life activities of lifting, standing, sitting, and sleeping. She also contends she is qualified for her position because there is evidence that her medical restrictions on lifting did not prevent her from performing any essential functions of her position. In regard to her accommodation claims, Molina argues she
II. APPLICABLE LAW
A. Summary Judgment Standard
Summary judgment should be granted only where “the movant shows that there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.”
If the movant does meet this burden, however, the nonmovant must “go beyond the pleadings and by her own affidavits, or by the depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, designate specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial.”
In reviewing the parties’ submissions, the court does not “weigh the evidence or evaluate the credibility of the witnesses.”
III. DISCUSSION
The Texas Commission on Human Rights Act (“TCHRA”) prohibits employers from discriminating against or discharging an employee because of the employee’s disability.
Because the TCHRA was intended “to correlate state law with federal law in the area of discrimination in employment,” federal precedent interpreting the Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”) is authoritative on corresponding provisions of the TCHRA.
A plaintiff can support a claim for disability discrimination either through direct evidence of discrimination or by establishing a prima facie case under the framework laid out in McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green.
a plaintiff must first make a prima facie showing of discrimination by establishing that: (1) he is disabled or is regarded as disabled; (2) he is qualified for the job; (3) he was subjected to an adverse employment action on account of his disability; and (4) he was replaced by or treated less favorably than non-disabled employees. Once the plaintiff makes his prima facie showing, the burden then shifts to the defendant-employer to articulate a legitimate, non-discriminatory reason for the adverse employment action. Once the employer articulates such a reason, the burden then shifts back upon the plaintiff to establish by a preponderance of the evidence that the articulated reason was merely a pretext for unlawful discrimination.62
“In considering the ultimate issue of discrimination, the trier of fact can consider both the evidence presented in the prima facie case and any evidence the
In both claims for adverse action based on disability and claims for failure to accommodate, the employee has the threshold requirement of establishing she is a qualified individual with a disability.
A. Whether Molina is disabled
At the outset, Molina must establish that she meets the legal definition of an individual with a disability.
The TCHRA was amended effective September 1, 2009,
During her deposition, Molina testified that her medical condition affected her by causing significant pain.
DSI argues Molina does not meet the definition of “disabled” because she is not substantially limited in any major life activity. Specifically, DSI points to Molina’s testimony that her pain did not impact her ability to do any of her activities,
However, these statements, when considered in context and in light of other evidence in the record, do not foreclose a finding that Molina was disabled. Molina testified that she “learned to tolerate the pain” to be able to continue working even on days when the pain was severe.
DSI also argues Molina was not disabled because her pain was episodic and variable. However, the fact that Molina’s back condition did not, at least initially, cause her pain every day is not determinative, as a disability can be “episodic” if it “substantially limits a major life activity when active.”
In addition to contending Molina was not substantially limited in the major life activities of sitting, standing, and sleeping, DSI argues that the activities Molina was undisputably limited in — lifting over 20 pounds and extreme bending at the waist — do not qualify as major life activities. Under the pre-amendment standard of the TCHRA, these activities might not qualify as major life activities.
DSI cites to a number of court cases in support of it’s contention that Molina’s medical condition did not qualify as a disability. However, as Molina points out, these cases were all determined under the pre-amendment standard of the ADA or TCHRA and thus are of limited precedential value to this case.
In sum, a reasonable juror could find Molina was substantially limited in a major life activity when evaluated under the newly expanded scope of the TCHRA. Thus, Molina has presented sufficient evidence to overcome summary judgment on the issue of whether she is an individual with a disability under the TCHRA.
B. Whether Molina was qualified for her position.
A “qualified individual” is a person “who, with or without reasonable accommodation, can perform the essential functions of the employment position.”
1. Whether lifting over 20 pounds and extreme bending are essential functions of the position
Molina contends her restrictions on lifting over 20 pounds and extreme bending did not render her unqualified because these activities were not essential functions of her position. DSI takes the position that these activities were essential functions.
Essential functions must bear more than “a marginal relationship” to the employee’s position.
As an initial matter, while there is evidence in the record that Molina’s position required some bending,
are responsible for assisting patients with moving, standing, sitting, and otherwise moving into proper position so that treatment can be administered. In order to perform this function, the Patient Care Technicians must be able to perform lifting.
While it is possible that other staff members and/or a Hoyer lift may be available to assist Patient Care Technicians in moving and/or lifting patients, that is not always the case.113
DSI relies on three different position descriptions in support of it’s assertion that lifting over 20 pounds is an essential function. The first description, which plaintiff signed in April 2003, provides in relevant part:
PHYSICAL DEMANDS The physical demands described here are representative of those that must be met by an Associate to successfully perform the essential functions of this job. Reasonable accommodations may be made to enable individuals with disabilities to perform the essential functions.
While performing the duties of this job, the associate is regularly required to stand ... and stoop, kneel, crouch or crawl ... The associate must occasionally lift and/or move up to 100 pounds with assistance and periodically assist others in moving patients where 100 pounds exertion is required.114
The second description, which Molina signed approximately a year later, states:
Physical: Essential Functions: Work is active; requires frequent lifting and carrying up to 201bs., occasionally lifting and carrying 20-35 lbs., and occasionally lifting up to 401bs. Requires ... frequently sitting, reaching at or above shoulder height, twisting and stooping/bending to perform patient care duties.”115
The third description, which is undated, and is the only description actually prepared by DSI and not by Molina’s previous employer, contains a paragraph almost identical to that of the first position description beginning with “PHYSICAL DEMANDS,” including the same sentence on reasonable accommodations, and then continuing:
The employee is occasionally required to sit; reach with hands and arms; and to bend, stoop, kneel and crouch. The employee is occasionally required to lift up to 200 pounds with the assistance of coworkers or Hoyer lift.116
While these job descriptions, and particularly the second description, support DSI’s contention that lifting was an essential function, Molina has provided contradictory evidence. Specifically, she testified that as a PCT she only had to lift and carry up to 20 pounds approximately once a month, and she does not recall ever having to do any heavy lifting of up to 40 pounds.
In addition, Molina’s testimony is supported by that of Loya, her direct supervisor and the clinic manager. Loya testified that Molina was still able to perform all her essential job duties during the period in 2006 when her doctor restricted her from lifting more than 10 pounds.
DSI argues that even though Loya had accommodated Molina in the past by having others assist her with lifting, this accommodation was not approved by higher management and does not constitute evidence that lifting was not an essential function.
Thus, there is a triable issue of material fact as to whether lifting- over twenty pounds without assistance was an essential function of Molina’s position.
2. Whether Molina posed a safety risk
The court must next consider whether Molina’s disability created a safety threat to herself or those around her. This is relevant as “[a]n individual is not qualified for a job if there is a genuine substantial risk that he or she could be injured or could injure others, and the employer cannot modify the job to eliminate that risk.”
DSI contends Molina’s restrictions on lifting and bending created a safety risk because she would be unable to respond to an emergency situation where she may have to perform CPR on a patient or which may require “lifting, catching, or otherwise moving a patient.”
However, Molina again provides contradictory evidence on this issue through Loya’s testimony. Specifically, Loya testified that he never felt Molina posed a threat to herself or others even when she was working with restrictions, and that he would not have allowed her to work had he thought she posed a risk.
Finally, DSI cites to a number of cases in support of it’s contention that Molina’s restrictions constituted a safety threat. Most of these cases are clearly distinguishable from the facts of this case.
Given the conflicting testimonies of Loya, Kolb, and Spencer, the court finds Molina has established a genuine issue of material fact as to whether her restrictions created a risk of injury to herself or others.
Having determined that, for purposes of summary judgment, Molina has presented sufficient evidence that she was a qualified individual with a disability, the court must now evaluate Molina’s claims that DSI failed to provide her with a reasonable accommodation. Molina’s Petition includes two claims for failure to accommodate. Her first claim is that DSI failed to accommodate her when it refused to allow her to continue working with her medical restrictions.
The TCHRA provides that it is unlawful for an employer “to fail or refuse to make a reasonable workplace accommodation to a known physical or mental limitation of an otherwise qualified individual with a disability ... unless the [employer] demonstrates that the accommodation would impose an undue hardship on the operation of the business.”
Accommodations can include, among other things, “job restructuring, part-time or modified work schedules, reassignment to a vacant position.”
DSI puts forth two arguments as to why it is entitled to summary judgment on Molina’s claim for failure to accommodate. First, DSI argues it had no obligation to accommodate Molina because she failed to properly request a reasonable accommodation. However, there is evidence in the Record that on or around November 2, 2009, Molina provided Loya with a note from her doctor stating, “Mrs. Molina had a lumbar procedure today. She should not lift > 20 LBS or any extreme bending @ the waist.”
“Once the employee presents a request for an accommodation, the employer is required to engage in the interactive process so that together they can determine what reasonable accommodations might be available.”
DSI’s second argument is that, even if Molina properly requested an accommodation, the company had no duty to accommodate her because no reasonable accommodation existed. DSI maintains that there were only three possible accommodations Molina could have requested: (1) that she be assigned to a new position with different duties; (2) that she be given indefinite medical leave; or (3) that another employee be made available to help Molina with lifting, which, DSI contends, would have “essentially required DSI to staff another person on the floor solely for the purpose of assisting her.”
However, the court finds Molina has established a genuine issue of material fact as to whether DSI violated the TCHRA
In accommodating an employee with a disability, an employer is not obligated “to relieve an employee of any essential functions of his or her job, modify those duties, reassign existing employees to perform those jobs, or hire new employee ... to do so.”
Other evidence in the Record suggests DSI may have stopped accommodating Molina’s restrictions not based on hardship or safety concerns, but because of a new policy prohibiting employees with any restrictions from working. Specifically, Loya testified that he had previously tried to accommodate employees’ medical restrictions, but in 2010 he was notified of a new policy that “anybody with a restriction would stay home, anybody ... If they were hurt in any way, shape, or form, they would stay home.”
D. Claim for termination in violation of TCHRA
Molina has also brought a claim that DSI terminated her in violation of the TCHRA. As an initial matter, the parties disagree on which legal standard should be applied in analyzing Molina’s termination claim. DSI asserts that this claim is properly analyzed under the framework laid out in McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green.
This burden-shifting framework applies to the vast majority of discrimination claims where plaintiffs can present only circumstantial evidence of discrimination.
In this case, a reasonable jury could find under either standard that Molina has established a genuine issue of material fact that her disability was a motivating factor in DSI’s decision to terminate her.
DSI asserts it had a legitimate nondiseriminatory reason for terminating Molina, based on company policy that employees who fail to return from FMLA leave will be terminated. This argument is hardly persuasive given that DSI forced Molina to take leave, and refused to accommodate her despite evidence she could still perform her essential functions.
E. Retaliation Claim
Molina’s final claim is that DSI terminated her in retaliation because she filed an EEOC charge. Under the TCHRA, it is unlawful to retaliate or discriminate against an employee who undertakes a protected activity, which includes filing a charge of discrimination.
If the plaintiff makes a prima facie showing, the burden then shifts to the employer to articulate a legitimate, nondiscriminatory or nonretaliatory reason for its employment action. The employer’s burden is only one of production, not persuasion, and involves no credibility assessment. If the employer meets its burden of production, the plaintiff then bears the ultimate burden of proving that the employer’s proffered reason is not true but instead is a pretext for the real discriminatory or retaliatory purpose. To carry this burden, the plaintiff must rebut each nondiscrimina*1006 tory or nonretaliatory reason articulated by the employer.192
The parties do not dispute that Molina has established the first two prongs of a prima facie case. However, DSI argues Molina has not provided sufficient evidence to establish a causal nexus between her action of filing an EEOC charge and DSI’s decision to terminate her. Molina contends that the temporal proximity of her filing the charge on February 25, 2010, and DSI taking action to terminate her on April 3, 2010, is sufficient to make a prima facie showing on this element.
DSI asserts a legitimate non-retaliatory reason, specifically the company states that Molina was terminated at the expiration of her FMLA leave because she could not return to work without restrictions. DSI further points to evidence that Molina was placed on FMLA leave prior to her EEO activity.
Molina argues this reason is pretextual because, in addition to the temporal proximity, there is also evidence that she was treated less favorably than a similarly situated coworker, Jose Luis Urrieta. Specifically, Loya testified that in 2010, Urrieta, a patient care technician, suffered aback injury and was given a lifting restriction similar to Molina’s.
In addition, the record also contains evidence that Loya had threatened to retaliate against Molina on previous occasions. Specifically, Molina testified that in October 2010, Loya called her the day before her scheduled medical procedure and was angry that she was taking time off.
Consequently, the court finds that the temporal proximity between Molina’s protected activity and the adverse action; the evidence that a similarly situated employee may have been treated more favorably; and Molina’s testimony as to Loya’s alleged past retaliatory threats and actions, taken together create a genuine issue of material fact as to whether Molina’s EEO activity was a determinative factor in DSI’s decision to terminate her.
IV. CONCLUSION AND ORDERS
For the reasons stated above, the court finds Molina has raised genuine questions of material fact as to whether she was a qualified individual with a disability under the TCHRA, whether DSI failed to provide her with a reasonable accommodation when it prohibited her from working with medical restrictions, whether her termination was motivated by her disability, and whether DSI retaliated against her based on her EEO activity. However, the court finds Molina has failed to establish a genuine issue of fact that indefinite extended medical leave was a reasonable accommodation, and will grant summary judgment
1. “Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment” [EOF No. 16] is GRANTED in part and DENIED in part.
2. Molina’s claim against DSI for “failure to provide reasonable accommodation by denying Plaintiff additional medical leave” identified as “Count Two” in Plaintiffs Original Petition211 is DISMISSED WITH PREJUDICE.
SO ORDERED.
. This Order supersedes the "Order Granting in Part and Denying in Part Motion for Summaty Judgment" [ECF No. 19]. Changes consist of including a footnote inadvertently omitted and correction of several minor typographical errors.
. See ECF No. 1-1.
. See ECF No. 1.
. Molina Dep. at 11.
. Molina Dep. at 20.
. Def.’s App. Ex. A at 1.
. Molina Dep. at 20, 164.
. Loya Dep. at 50-51, 102.
. Def.’s App. at 5; Molina Dep. at 52, 165.
. Molina Dep. at 52-53.
. Loya Dep. at 53-54; Molina Dep. at 172; Exs. 31, 32.
. Molina Dep. at 172.
. Molina Dep. at 173-74; Ex. 33; Loya Dep. at 54.
. Loya Dep. 54-55; Molina dep. At 101.
. Def.’s App. Ex. A at 1.
. Molina Dep. at 17; Loya Dep. at 47.
. Molina Dep. at 22.
. Molina Dep. at 176; Ex. 34.
. Molina Dep. at 176; Loya Dep. at 56.
. Molina Dep. at 170-171, Ex. 3.
. Molina Dep. at 171.
. Id. at 177.
. Molina Dep. Ex. 35 at 3.
. Molina Dep. at 57, 179.
. Molina Dep. at 81.
. Molina Dep. At 80-81.
. Molina Dep. at 70-71, 77; Loya Dep. at 73-74; Def.'s App. Ex. K.
. Molina Dep. at 71.
. Molina Dep. at 185, 190; Loya Dep. at 88.
. Id.
. Def.'s App. Ex. A at 3.
. Molina Dep. at 84, 193; Loya Dep. at 11, 84; Def.'s App. Ex. A at 1, 4.
. Def.'s App. Ex. A at 4.
. Molina Dep. at 95-96; 201.
. Molina Dep. Ex. 40.
. Id.
. Id.
. Def.'s App., Ex. I.
. Def.'s App. Ex. N.
. Molina Dep. 208.
. Def.'s App. Ex. P. The parties dispute whether Molina contacted DSI after she was cleared to return to work without restrictions. See Def.'s App. at 8; Molina Dep. at 207-08 & Ex. 42.
. Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(a).
. Perez v. Region 20 Educ. Serv. Ctr., 307 F.3d 318, 323 (5th Cir. 2002) (citation omitted).
. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986).
. See Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 323, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986).
. Blow v. City of San Antonio, Tex., 236 F.3d 293, 296 (5th Cir. 2001) (citations omitted).
. Cheatham v. Allstate Ins. Co., 465 F.3d 578, 582 (5th Cir. 2006) (citation omitted).
. Tubacex, Inc. v. MTV Risan, 45 F.3d 951, 954 (5th Cir. 1995).
. Celotex, 477 U.S. at 324, 106 S.Ct. 2548 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).
. Little v. Liquid Air Corp., 37 F.3d 1069, 1075 (5th Cir. 1994) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted).
. Caboni v. Gen. Motors Corp., 278 F.3d 448, 451 (5th Cir. 2002) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted).
. Little, 37 F.3d at 1075 (citation omitted) (emphasis removed).
. Tubacex, Inc., 45 F.3d at 954.
. Caboni, 278 F.3d at 451 (citation omitted).
. Fowler v. Smith, 68 F.3d 124, 126 (5th Cir. 1995) (citation omitted).
. Caboni, 278 F.3d at 451 (citations omitted).
. Tex. Lab.Code§ 21.051.
. Tex. Lab.Code§ 21.105.
. Tex. Lab.Code § 21.128(a)
. Rodriguez v. ConAgra Grocery Prods. Co., 436 F.3d 468, 474, n. 15 (5th Cir. 2006) (quoting Herrera v. CTS Corp., 183 F.Supp.2d 921, 925 (S.D.Tex. 2002)).
. See Daigle v. Liberty Life Ins. Co., 70 F.3d 394, 396 (5th Cir. 1995) (citing McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S. 792, 802, 93 S.Ct. 1817, 36 L.Ed.2d 668 (1973)) (other citations omitted).
. Mclnnis v. Alamo Community College Dist., 207 F.3d 276, 279-280 (5th Cir. 2000) (citations omitted).
. EEOC v. Chevron Phillips Chem. Co., LP, 570 F.3d 606, 615 (5th Cir.Tex. 2009) (citation omitted).
. See Griffin v. UPS, 661 F.3d 216 (5th Cir. 2011) (citation omitted); see also EEOC v. Chevron Phillips Chem. Co., LP, 570 F.3d at 618-19.
. Rodriguez v. ConAgra Grocery Prods. Co., 436 F.3d 468, 474 (5th Cir. 2006) (citing 42 U.S.C. § 12111(8)).
. See Chandler v. City of Dallas, 2 F.3d 1385, 1394 (5th Cir. 1993)
. Tex. Lab.Code§ 21.002(6)
. Tex. Lab.Code § 21.001(11-a); EEOC v. Chevron Phillips Chem. Co., LP, 570 F.3d 606 (5th Cir. 2009).
. H.R. 978, 81st Leg., Reg. Sess. (Tex. 2009).
. Pub. L. No. 110-325, 122 Stat. 3553. The conduct at issue in this case occurred after September 1, 2009, and the parties do not dispute that the ADAAA applies.
. Id. at 3554.
. Id.
. Id.
. Id.
. 42 U.S.C. § 12102(4)(A). The amendments to the TCHRA track this language requiring that “the term 'disability': (1) shall be construed in favor of broad coverage of individuals under Subchapters B and C, to the
. Def.’s App. Ex. H.
. Molina Dep. Ex. 35 at 3.
. Id. at 1.
. Id.
. Molina Dep. at 53.
. Id. at 53-54.
. Molina Dep. at 179-81.
. Id. at 167.
. Id.
. Id.
. Id.
. Id. at 55.
. Def.'s App. Ex. D at 56.
. Id.
. Def.’s App. Ex. I.
. Molina Dep. at 54.
. Id. at 56.
. Proposed regulations were published on September 23, 2009 (see 74 FR 48431), and the final regulations went into effect on May 24, 2011. See 76 FR 16978, 16978 (Mar. 25 2011).
. 29 C.F.R. § 1630.2(J)
. Id.
. Id.
. Molina Dep. at 53-54; 166-68; Molina Dep. Ex. 35; Def.'s App. Ex. L.
. Molina Dep. at 55, 169.
. Tex. Lab.Code§ 21.0021(b)(1).
. Tex. Lab.Code§ 21.0021(a)(2).
. See e.g. Sherrod v. Am. Airlines, Inc., 132 F.3d 1112, 1120 (5th Cir. 1998) (citations omitted).
. Tex. Lab.Code § 21.002(ll-a).
. Id.
. Id.
. Because the ADAAA and corresponding TCHRA amendments apply only to actions occurring since September 2009, thus far there are few cases interpreting the amended disability standard.
. 42 U.S.C. § 12111(8).
. Turco v. Hoechst Celanese Corp., 101 F.3d 1090, 1093 (5th Cir. 1996).
. Chandler v. City of Dallas, 2 F.3d 1385, 1393 (5th Cir. 1993) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).
. Chian v. City of League City, 920 F.2d 311, 315 (5th Cir. 1991) (citation omitted).
. 29 C.F.R. 1630.2(n)(3); see also 42 U.S.C. § 12111.
. See e.g. Def.’s App. Ex. E, F, G.
. Def.’s App. Ex. L.
. Def.’s App. Ex. A at 2.
. Def.’s App. Ex. E at 2.
. Def.’s App. Ex. F at 2.
. Def.'s App. Ex. G at 3.
. Molina Dep. at 45-46. DSI contends that even with the assistance of a coworker Molina still needed to be able to lift approximately half the weight of a patient. Def.'s App. at 4. However, Molina testified that the procedure when two people worked to transfer a patient to a chair was that one person would transfer the patient to the chair and she would hold the chair. Molina Dep. at 47.
.Molina Dep. at 199.
. Molina Dep. at 46-48. However, Molina did indicate that another coworker may not be immediately available and sometimes she had to wait for help. Id. at 46-47.
. Molina Dep. at 45-48.
. Loya Dep. at 55.
. Loya Dep. at 57. In addition, during his deposition Loya agreed that Molina’s statement in her EEO complaint that she “had these same restrictions since October 2009 and had been able to perform all her job duties” was true. Loya Dep. at 99.
. Spencer and DSI Regional HR Manager, Kelly Kolb, both aver that clinic managers such as Loya are supposed to consult with higher management before providing an accommodation. Def.'s App. Ex. A at 3; Ex. B at 2. Loya, however, testified that he had authority to accommodate employees' medical conditions by changing work duties or providing assistance in lifting. Loya Dep. at 14.
. 251 F.3d 21 (1st Cir. 2001)
. Id. at 25-26.
. C.f. Carmona v. Southwest Airlines Co., 604 F.3d 848, 860 n. 3 (5th Cir. 2010) ("[Employer's] decision to grant [employee] intermittent FMLA leave, despite the fact that he was frequently unable to give [employer] notice of his absences in advance, and without transferring him to a different position in the company, suggests that attendance was not in fact an essential requirement of his job.”).
. Phelps, 251 F.3d at 25-26.
. Molina Dep. at 41.
. Molina Dep. at 45-46. Specifically, Molina testified that the requirement in one position description for ''[occasionally lifting and carrying 20 to 35 pounds and occasionally lifting up to 40 pounds,” was not accurate, as she could not recall ever having to pick up heavy items. Id.
. Molina Dep. at 86-87.
. Loya Dep. at 55, 57, 99.
. Chiari v. City of League City, 920 F.2d 311, 317 (5th Cir. 1991). The ADA allows qualification standards that “include a requirement that an individual shall not pose a direct threat to the health or safety of other individuals in the workplace,” and defines a “direct threat” as a significant risk to the health or safety of others that cannot be eliminated by reasonable accommodation.” Turco v. Hoechst Celanese Corp., 101 F.3d 1090, 1094 (5th Cir. 1996) (internal quotation marks omitted) (quoting 42 U.S.C. § 12113(b)).
. Rizzo v. Children’s World Learning Ctr., 84 F.3d 758, 764 (5th Cir. 1996).
. Chiari v. City of League City, 920 F.2d 311, 317 (5th Cir. 1991).
. Def.’s App. Ex. A at 4.
. Def.'s App. Ex. A at 2-3. (internal quotation marks omitted).
. Loya Dep. at 58. DSI claims that “Loya also testified that Molina could hurt herself or a patient by working with lifting restrictions.” Def.’s Reply in Support of Mot. for Summ. J. at 3 n. 5 (citing Loya Dep. at 102:19-103:3). On review, the court cannot locate any such statement on page 102 of Loya’s deposition. Page 103 of the deposition is not part of the Record, and the court will not speculate on alleged testimony not submitted.
. Loya Dep. at 102.
. DSI cites to Daugherty v. City of El Paso, where an insulin-dependent diabetic was
. 943 F.Supp. 771 (S.D.Tex. 1996).
. Id. at 774 (internal quotation marks and citations omitted).
. Def.’s App. Ex. E, F, G.
. Molina Dep. at 48.
. Indeed, the court in Guneratne explicitly declined to articulate any such sweeping conclusion, holding "[ajlthough these [physically demanding] tasks may not be essential to the work performed by a trained registered nurse, the summary judgment record is clear that these tasks were performed by the clinical nurses at St. Mary's and were an integral part of patient care.” Guneratne v. St. Mary’s Hosp., 943 F.Supp. 771, 774 (S.D.Tex. 1996).
. The Fifth Circuit has recognized it is currently unclear which party bears the burden of proof in establishing whether the employee's disability poses a danger. See Rizzo v. Children’s World Learning Ctrs., Inc., 213 F.3d 209, 213 n. 4 (5th Cir. 2000) (citation omitted).
. Pl.'s Original Pet. at 4.
. Id.
. Tex. Lab.Code § 21.128(a)
. See Taylor v. Principal Fin. Group, 93 F.3d 155, 165 (5th Cir. 1996).
. EEOC v. Chevron Phillips Chem. Co., LP, 570 F.3d at 621 (5th Cir. 2009) (citing EEOC “Requesting Reasonable Accommodation” in Enforcement Guidance: Reasonable Accommodation and Undue Hardship Under the ADA (Oct. 17, 2002), available at http://www. eeoc.gov/policy/docs/accommodation.html).
. 42 U.S.C.A. § 12111(9).
. EEOC v. Agro Distrib. LLC, 555 F.3d 462 (5th Cir. 2009).
. Jenkins v. Cleco Power LLC, 487 F.3d 309, 316 (5th Cir. 2007) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).
. Molina Dep. at 81, 84; Def.’s App. Ex. L.
. See EEOC “Requesting Reasonable Accommodation” in Enforcement Guidance: Reasonable Accommodation and Undue Hardship Under the ADA (Oct. 17, 2002), available at http://www.eeoc.gov/policy/docs/ accommodation.html.
. Id.; see also EEOC v. Chevron Phillips Chem. Co., LP, 570 F.3d at 621 (Finding jury could reasonably find that doctor’s note releasing employee to work at location nearer employee’s home constituted request for reasonable accommodation).
. EEOC v. Chevron Phillips Chem. Co., LP, 570 F.3d at 622 (5th Cir. 2009) (emphasis added) (citation omitted). The court in Taylor also affirmed the general principle that "once an accommodation is properly requested, the responsibility for fashioning a reasonable accommodation is shared between the employee and employer.” 93 F.3d at 165.
. See Cutrera v. Bd. of Supervisors, 429 F.3d 108, 112-13 (5th Cir. 2005) (finding summary judgment inappropriate when employee notified employer of her limitations but could not immediately identify appropriate accommodation and employer terminated her before "an accommodation [could] be considered or [recommended] ”).
. Loya Dep. at 84.
. Loya Dep. at 105.
. Def.'s Mot. For Summ. J. at 16 (citation omitted).
. DSI presents uncontroverted evidence that it had no vacant positions available for which Molina would have been qualified. See Def.’s App. Ex. A at 4; Ex. B at 3.
. See Def.’s App. Ex. D at 112, 121-22.
. See Reed v. Petroleum Helicopters, Inc., 218 F.3d 477, 481 (5th Cir. 2000).
. Pl.’s Original Pet. at 4.
. Burch v. City of Nacogdoches, 174 F.3d 615, 621 (5th Cir. 1999).
. Loya Dep. at 76.
. Loya Dep. 76-78.
. Molina Dep. at 41, 45-48.
. Loya Dep. at 22.
. Loya Dep. at 22-23.
. Loya Dep. 30-31.
. Loya Dep. at 43.
. See e.g. Rodriguez v. ConAgra Grocery Prods. Co., 436 F.3d 468, 475 (5th Cir. 2006) (finding employer’s blanket policy against hiring anyone perceived as having uncontrolled diabetes as contradictory to "the TCHRA/ ADA’s emphasis on treating impaired job applicants as individuals”).
. See Def.'s App. Exs. A & B.
. See Daigle v. Liberty Life Ins. Co., 70 F.3d 394, 396 (5th Cir. 1995) (citing 411 U.S. 792, 802, 93 S.Ct. 1817, 36 L.Ed.2d 668 (1973)) (other citations omitted).
. Id.
. See Rizzo, 84 F.3d at 763 (5th Cir. 1996) (citing a similar, though not identical, standard for direct evidence cases under the TCHRA); see also Quantum Chem. Corp. v. Toennies, 47 S.W.3d 473, 480 (Tex. 2001) (finding "a motivating factor is the correct standard of causation for die plaintiff in all TCHRA unlawful employment practice claims”) (internal quotation marks omitted).
. See Quantum Chem. Corp., 47 S.W.3d at 480 (Tex. 2001); see also Pineda v. UPS, 360 F.3d 483, 488 (5th Cir. 2004).
. Mclnnis, 207 F.3d at 279 (citations omitted).
. Def.’s Mot. for Summ. J. at 18; Def.'s Rep. In Support of Mot. for Summ. J. at 5.
. Loya Dep. at 20-21, 48-49, 82, 107. It is unclear from the Record whether Rosa Gomez or Leticia Santos was hired to replace Molina. Compare Loya Dep. at 49 with Loya Dep. Ex. 18 at 2-3.
. See supra notes 31-36, 116-21, 157-59, and accompanying text.
. Loya Dep. at 24-25; 30.
. Id.
. See Hypes v. First Commerce Corp., 134 F.3d 721, 726 (5th Cir. 1998) .(noting in dicta “if [employee’s] excessive absences were linked to his disability, and [employer] knew it when they fired him, we might say that excessive absence is a pretext or even a proxy for [employee’s] disability, and he would have an arguable claim under the ADA and LCRHP”).
. Molina Dep. at 193-94.
. Loya Dep. at 67-68.
. Loya Dep. at 79-80.
. Tex. Lab.Code § 21.055
. McCoy v. City of Shreveport, 492 F.3d 551, 556-57 (5th Cir. 2007).
. Id., at 557 (internal citations omitted).
. Def.'s App. Exs. I, N.
. See Stroud v. BMC Software Inc., 2008 WL 2325639, *3-6, 2008 U.S.App. LEXIS 12244, *10-17 (5th Cir. 2008) (reviewing Fifth Circuit jurisprudence on the timing required to establish a causal connection for purposes of a prima facie showing in retaliation claims). The Court in Stroud cites to Richard v. Cingular Wireless LLC, 233 Fed.Appx. 334, 338 (5th Cir. 2007), noting that in that case, "we concluded that two and a half months is a short enough period to support an inference of a causal link.” Stroud, 2008 WL 2325639 at *6, 2008 U.S.App. Lexis 12244 at *16.
. Loya Dep. at 24-25.
. Loya Dep. at 25-26.
. Def.’s Reply in Support of Mot. for Summ. J., Ex. B.
. Smith v. Xerox Corp, 371 Fed.Appx. 514, 518 n. 9 (5th Cir. 2010) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).
. Molina Dep. at 182-83.
. Id.
. Id. at 68-69, 183.
. Id. at 184.
. Id. at 70-71, 77.
. Id. at 190.
. Id. 190-91.; Molina Dep., Ex. 40.
. Molina Dep., Ex. 40.
. Id.
. Loya Dep.a t 91.
. Rios v. Rossotti, 252 F.3d 375, 381 (5th Cir. 2001); see also Smith v. Xerox Corp, 371 Fed.Appx. 514, 516 (5th Cir. 2010) (finding on consideration of JMOL that "[a]lthough events following the EEOC complaint may be the most relevant to the retaliation charge, [employee’s] allegations cannot be parsed and considered in a vacuum. Instead, all the evidence relevant to [employee’s] employment and interaction with [supervisor] provides background and context for the later termination decision and may be considered”).
.See Pineda, 360 F.3d at 488-89 (holding that “but for” is the proper causation standard in retaliation claims under Section 21.055 of the Texas Labor Code).
. PL's Original Pet at 4.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Maria MOLINA v. DSI RENAL, INC.
- Cited By
- 8 cases
- Status
- Published