Safdar v. AFW, Inc.
Safdar v. AFW, Inc.
Opinion of the Court
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Pending before the court
I. Case Background
Plaintiff filed this action against his former employer and others to recover unpaid overtime wages pursuant to the Fair Labor Standards Act.
A. Procedural History
Plaintiff filed the lawsuit on October 11, 2010.
A lawsuit has been filed against you.
Within 21 days after service of this summons on you (not counting the day you received it) ... [,] you must serve on the plaintiff an answer to the attached complaint or a motion under Rule 12 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. The answer or motion must be served on the plaintiff or plaintiffs attorney, whose name and address are: [attorney’s name and address]
If you fail to respond, judgment by default will be entered against you for the relief demanded in the complaint. You also must file your answer or motion with the court.4
In January, 2011, Plaintiff sought an extension of time to complete the joint diseovery/case management plan because he had been unsuccessful in serving Defendants and
Plaintiff served Defendant Abdul Shakoor Akhter (“Akhter”) by leaving the summons with his wife at his residence on March 9, 2011.
Plaintiff also experienced difficulty serving Defendant Mukhtar Ishaq (“Ishaq”).
In their first contact with the court, Defendants filed a motion for relief from the judgment and a motion for leave to file an answer on October 5, 2011.
B. Competing Affidavits
Accompanying the motions and responses were competing affidavits by Defendant Akhter and Plaintiff.
1. Defendant Akhter’s Affidavit Testimony
Defendant Akhter, who is the director and president of Defendant AFW, Inc., and the director of both Defendants SLC, Inc., and Moss Masa Corporation, stated that Plaintiff worked as a salesman for AFW, Inc., at one of its two locations “from February through April 2007.”
According to Defendant Akhter, Defendant AFW, Inc., no longer operates as Affordable Furniture at either location, is not involved in the operation of any of the other locations listed by Plaintiff in the complaint, and is no longer in the furniture retail business.
According to Defendant Akhter, Plaintiff said that “he was angry and upset that he lost money in a business venture with my stepson[ ] and believed he could get [Defendant Akhter] to pay for his losses through this lawsuit.”
Plaintiff informed Defendant Akhter that Plaintiffs attorney was out of the country and that Plaintiff planned to leave for Pakistan in early July 2011, per Defendant Akhter’s testimony.
On September 20, 2011, Plaintiff called Defendant Akhter to tell him that “[he] had always helped [Plaintiff] in the past, that [Plaintiff] had nothing against [Defendant Akhter] personally and only initially filed the lawsuit in order to get some money out of [Defendant Akhter], and that [Plaintiff] now felt bad about the Court judgment,” Defendant Akhter testified.
Defendant Akhter stated that he believed the lawsuit would be dismissed against him and the corporations and, therefore, chose not to do anything more than contact Plaintiff, that he relied on Plaintiffs promise to dismiss the lawsuit and thus did not contact an attorney, and that he did not act sooner because he thought he had not been properly served.
2. Plaintiffs Affidavit Testimony
Plaintiffs affidavit contradicts, inter alia, Defendant Akhter’s assertions regarding the length of employment, the number of stores Defendants operated, and the content of their post-suit conversations.
Plaintiff agreed that Defendant Akhter called Plaintiff twice after the suit was filed but remembered the discussions very differently.
In his affidavit, Plaintiff also denied ever indicating that Defendant Akhter or his companies would be dismissed from the lawsuit or that Plaintiff was working with his attorney to do so.
II. Legal Standard
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure (“Rule”) 55(c) states that an entry of default may be set aside for good cause, and a default judgment may be set aside under Rule 60(b). This language, which was effective December 2007, makes apparent that entries of default and default judgments are reviewed under two separate standards.
Rule 60(b) provides relief from a judgment under certain circumstances, including: 1) “mistake, inadvertence, surprise, or excusable neglect;” and 2) “fraud ..., misrepresentation, or misconduct by an opposing party.” Considerations underlying the framework of a Rule 60(b) analysis:
(1) That final judgments should not lightly be disturbed; (2) that the Rule 60(b) motion is not to be used as a substitute for appeal; (3) that the rule should be liberally construed in order to do substantial justice; (4) whether the motion was made within a reasonable time; (5) whether-if the judgment was a default or a dismissal in which there was no consideration of the merits-the interest in deciding cases on the merits outweighs, in the particular case, the interest in the finality of judgment, and there is merit in the movant’s claim or defense; (6) whether there are any intervening equities that would make it inequitable to grant relief; and (7) any other factors relevant to the justice of the judgment under attack.
In re Marinez, 589 F.3d at 777 (quoting Edward H. Bohlin Co. v. Banning Co., 6 F.3d 350, 356 (5th Cir. 1993)). Although default judgments are disfavored as a matter of policy, that policy “is counterbalanced by considerations of social goals, justice and expediency, a weighing process that lies largely within the domain of the trial judge’s discretion.” Rogers v. Hartford Life & Accident Ins. Co., 167 F.3d 933, 936 (5th Cir. 1999) (internal alterations omitted) (quoting Pelican Prod. Corp. v. Marino, 893 F.2d 1143, 1146 (10th Cir. 1990)); see also Broussard v. Johnson, No. 00-40295, 254 F.3d 71, 2001 WL 502799, at *2 (5th Cir. Apr. 27, 2001) (unpublished) (“An important component of the rule 60(b)(1) analysis ... is the concern that the court not disturb the finality of a judgment without good reason.”).
With regard to Rule 60(b)(1), the United States Supreme Court (“Supreme Court”) explained that the assessment of whether neglect is excusable “is at bottom an equitable one, taking account of all relevant circumstances surrounding the party’s omission.” Pioneer Inv. Servs. Co. v. Brunswick Assocs. LP, 507 U.S. 380, 395, 113 S.Ct. 1489, 123 L.Ed.2d 74 (1993) (addressing a bankruptcy claim). The Supreme Court identified three factors to consider: 1) the danger of prejudice; 2) the length of the delay and its impact; and 3) “the reason for the delay including whether it was within the reasonable control of the movant, and whether the movant acted in good faith.” Id.
In the past, the Fifth Circuit has employed similar determining factors: 1) “the culpability of defendant’s conduct;” 2) “the extent of prejudice to the plaintiff;” and 3) “the merits of the defendant’s asserted defense.”
In order to prevail under Rule 60(b)(3), a defendant must show that the plaintiff engaged in fraud or other misconduct and that the fraud or misconduct prevented the defendant from presenting a case fully and fairly. Williams v. Thaler, 602 F.3d 291, 311 (5th Cir.), cert. denied — U.S. -, 131 S.Ct. 506, 178 L.Ed.2d 376 (2010); see also Hesling v. CSX Transp., Inc., 396 F.3d 632, 641 (5th Cir. 2005). The burden of proof is clear and convincing. Williams, 602 F.3d at 311.
III. Analysis
Defendants seek relief from the default judgment on the basis of surprise or excusable neglect and/or fraud, misrepresentation, or other misconduct.
A. Surprise or Excusable Neglect
Defendants claim that they were surprised when Plaintiff filed a motion for entry of default and default judgment. However, Plaintiffs action should not have come as a surprise. The summonses that issued to Defendants notified them that they must answer the complaint within twenty-one days after service. Unsupported challenges to the manner or form of the individuals’ service aside,
Defendants attribute their surprise to what they perceived as a change of course from Plaintiffs alleged representation that he was willing to dismiss the lawsuit to his decision to seek default judgment. Businessmen, such as Defendants Akhter and Ishaq
Defendants’ argument in favor of excusable neglect fares no better. The court begins and ends with the culpability of Defendants’ conduct. See Rogers, 167 F.3d at 938-39 (not discussing the issues of prejudice and meritorious defenses after finding culpability alone justified the district court’s denial of a Rule 60(b)(1) motion); Levitt-Stein v.
The docket reflects that Plaintiff and the process servers he hired went to great lengths to serve the Defendants, to the point that it appears that Defendants were evading service. All of the Defendants eventually-received notice of the lawsuit and notice of the requirement that they answer the complaint. Yet, all chose not to file timely answers or to hire attorneys.
Without consulting an attorney, Defendant Akhter concluded that he had not been served properly and chose not to act until, over a month after being served, when he contacted Plaintiff directly. By that time, Defendant Akhter already was in a default posture. After receiving what, by Defendant Akhter’s own account, was a mere promise from Plaintiff to dismiss the lawsuit, Defendant Akhter waited at least three more months to follow up with Plaintiff. Defendant Akhter did not reach Plaintiff on that second occasion. Defendant Akhter’s testimony does not suggest that he had any basis for believing the lawsuit had been dismissed. Even so, Defendant Akhter made no effort to answer the lawsuit or hire an attorney.
The other defendants, all of whom had been served by the end of June, showed even less effort, doing nothing. Defendants took no action until after September 13, 2011, when entry of default and default judgment were entered. That is when Defendants decided that they needed an attorney. Defendants’ excuses for waiting that long to act truly fail to justify the delay and make them culpable of default.
Although the court finds the culpability of Defendants’ conduct to be a sufficient basis for denying their motion to vacate the default judgment, the court briefly addresses the other factors suggested by the courts. Both the Supreme Court and the Fifth Circuit consider prejudice to the plaintiff. See Pioneer Inv. Servs. Co., 507 U.S. at 395, 113 S.Ct. 1489; Rogers, 167 F.3d at 938-39. In this case, Plaintiff has suffered the prejudice of a significant delay in the prosecution of his lawsuit but would suffer no prejudice by being required to proof his allegations.
The Supreme Court directs lower courts to look at the length of the delay and its impact. See Pioneer Inv. Servs. Co., 507 U.S. at 395, 113 S.Ct. 1489. By evading service and refusing to participate in this lawsuit, Defendants caused Plaintiff to expend a significant amount of time, effort, and resources. Nearly a year passed between the date on which Plaintiff filed this lawsuit and the date on which the court entered default judgment.
Another consideration is whether the movant acted in good faith. Defendants claim that the offer Defendant Akhter made to Plaintiff to settle the action was an act of good faith, but the court views the effort simply as an attempt to settle the lawsuit extrajudicially. Defendant could have answered the lawsuit and made the same offer within the structure of litigation.
The final factor, one that is recognized by the Fifth Circuit, examines the merits of the defendant’s defenses. Defendants offer a few defenses, including that the lawsuit is barred by the statute of limitations, that Defendants Akhter and Ishaq were not served properly, and that four of the five defendants were not Plaintiffs employers.
The defenses rely on assertions in Defendant Akhter’s affidavit, many of which are contradicted by Plaintiffs affidavit and other evidence. In particular, Defendant Akhter stated that Plaintiff was employed by only Defendant AFW, Inc., and worked from February to April 2007 at one of its only two Affordable Furniture locations. In contrast, Plaintiff testified that he worked from October 2000 to January 2009 at five of nine Affordable Furniture locations. With regard to service, the record contains facially valid proof of service documentation as to Defendants Akhter and Ishaq, which the court previously reviewed when it considered Plaintiffs motion for default.
Given the Defendants’ actions after the lawsuit was filed, the court finds it hard to credit, even under a preponderanee-of-theevidence standard, Defendants’ factual assertions. Even if Defendants have arguably meritorious defenses and Plaintiff would suf
Defendants have failed to meet their burden of convincing the court that their neglect was excusable.
B. Fraud, Misrepresentation, or Other Misconduct
The fraud, misrepresentation, or other misconduct that Defendants allege against Plaintiff is that Plaintiff allegedly told Defendant Akhter that his actual dispute was with a third party and that he would discuss with his attorney dismissing Defendant Akhter and the corporate defendants.
Defendants fail to establish the first requirement of this subsection, to wit, that the plaintiff engaged in a fraud or misrepresentation. Defendants’ burden is one of clear and convincing evidence. At best, Defendant Akhter offered accusations of fraud, misrepresentation, or misconduct, which were countered by Plaintiffs testimony. Controverted facts do not establish clear and convincing evidence but, instead, merely reveal the existence of a factual dispute.
Defendants have not met their burden of showing that Plaintiff committed a fraud or misrepresentation or that he engaged in any misconduct.
The court finds that the default judgment should not be vacated. Therefore, the court need not consider whether good cause exists to vacate the entry of default. Finally, because the judgment in this case stands, Defendants cannot file an answer at this late date.
IV. Conclusion
Based on the foregoing, the court DENIES Defendants’ Motion to Set Aside Default Judgment or, in the Alternative, Motion to Vacate Default Judgment and Defendants’ Motion for Leave of Court to Late File Their Original Answer.
. The parties consented to proceed before the undersigned magistrate judge for all proceedings, including trial and final judgment, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(c) and Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 73. Docket Entry Nos. 26-28.
. 29 U.S.C. §§ 201-219.
. See Doc. 1, Compl.
. See, e.g., Doc. 7, Summons in a Civil Action.
. Doc. 5, Pl.'s Mot. to Enlarge Time for Joint Disc./Case Mgmt. Plan & Initial Pretrial & Scheduling Conference, p. 1.
. Doc. 8, Pl.’s (2nd) Mot. to Enlarge Time for Joint Disc./Case Mgmt. Plan & Initial Pretrial & Scheduling Conference, pp. 1-2; Doc. 7, Proof of Service.
. Doc. 8, Pl.’s (2nd) Mot. to Enlarge Time for Joint Disc./Case Mgmt. Plan & Initial Pretrial & Scheduling Conference, p. 3.
. Doc. 23-1, Ex. A to Pl.’s Resp. to Defs.’ Mot. to Set Aside Default J. or, in the Alternative, Mot. to Vacate Default J. ("Pl.'s Resp.”), President’s Due Diligence.
. Id.
. See Doc. 8, Pl.’s (2nd) Mot. to Enlarge Time for Joint Disc./Case Mgmt. Plan & Initial Pretrial & Scheduling Conference, pp. 3-4; Doc. 23-1, Ex. A to Pl.’s Resp., President's Due Diligence.
. See Docs. 10-12, Proof of Serv. Docs, as to Defs. AFW, Inc., SLC, Inc., & Moss Masa Corp.
. See Doc. 13, Pl.’s (3rd) Mot. to Enlarge Time for Joint Disc./Case Mgmt. Plan & Initial Pretrial & Scheduling Conference, p. 2.
. See id.; Doc. 15, Proof of Serv. Doc. as to Def. Ishaq.
. See Doc. 13, Pl.’s (3rd) Mot. to Enlarge Time for Joint Disc./Case Mgmt. Plan & Initial Pretrial & Scheduling Conference, p. 2.; Doc. 15, Proof of Serv. Doc. as to Def. Ishaq.
. See Doc. 16, Pl.’s Mot. for Entry of Default & for Default J. Against All Defs.
. Doc. 17, Ordered Dated Sept. 13, 2011; Doc. 18, Final J.
. Doc. 19, Defs.' Mot. to Set Aside Default J. or, in the Alternative, Mot. to Vacate Default J. ("Defs.' Mot. to Set Aside”); Doc. 20, Defs.' Mot. for Leave to Late File Original Answer (“Defs.’ Mot. for Leave”).
. See Doc. 23, Pl.’s Resp.; Doc. 24, Pl.’s Resp. to Defs.’ Mot. for Leave.
. See Doc. 28, Consent to Proceed before Magis. J. & Order Transferring Case.
. See Doc. 31, Sealed Order Dated Dec. 1, 2011; Doc. 32, Sealed Order Dated Dec. 1, 2011; Doc. 34, Order Dated Dec. 7, 2011; Doc. 37, Order Dated Dec. 15, 2011.
. See Doc. 19-1, Ex. 1 to Defs.’ Mot. to Set Aside, Def. Akhter’ s Aff.; Doc. 20-1, Ex. 1 to Defs.' Mot. for Leave, Def. Akhter’s Aff.; Doc. 23-2, Ex. B to Pl.'s Resp., PL's Aff. The copies of Defendant Akhter’s affidavit that are attached to Defendants’ motions are identical. For the court's convenience, it cites for the remainder of this opinion only to the copy attached to Defendants’ motion to set aside or vacate the default judgment.
. Doc. 19-1, Ex. 1 to Defs.’ Mot. to Set Aside, Def. Akhter’s Aff., ¶¶ 2-4, 7, 10.
. Id. at ¶ 11.
. Id. at ¶¶ 6, 13, 15.
. Id. at ¶¶ 8, 9.
. Id. at ¶¶ 12, 14.
. See id. at ¶¶ 16-18, 20-28.
. Id. at ¶ 16. This statement is contradicted by the Proof of Service as to Defendant Akhter, which states that the summons and complaint were left with his wife at his residence. See Doc. 7, Proof of Service.
. Id. at ¶ 17.
. Id. atH18.
. Id. at 1120.
. Id.
. Id.
. Id. at ¶ 22.
. Id.
. Id. at ¶ 23.
. Id. at ¶ 27.
. Id. at ¶¶ 24-25, 28.
. Id. at ¶ 26.
. Doc. 23-2, Ex. B to Pl.’s Resp., Pl.’s Aff., ¶¶ 4— 5, 8-13.
. Plaintiff submitted webpages from the Affordable Furniture website and from Facebook that both list nine Affordable Furniture locations. See Doc. 23-4, Ex. D to Pl.’s Resp., Affordable Furniture Webpages, pp. 4-8 (unnumbered).
. Doc. 23-2, Ex. B to Pl.’s Resp., Pl.’s Aff., ¶ 5.
. See id. at ¶¶ 8-14.
. Id. at ¶ 8.
. Id.
. Id. atW 10, 12, 14.
. Id. at ¶¶ 9-11.
. Id. at ¶ 13.
. Id.
. The prior version of Rule 55(c) read, “For good cause shown the court may set aside an entry of default and, if a judgment by default has
. The court notes the similarity of these factors with those used to determine good cause in relation to entries of default. "Good cause” is assessed according to the following three factors: whether the default was willful; whether setting it aside would prejudice the opposing party, and whether a meritorious defense is presented. In re Marinez, 589 F.3d at 777 (quoting Jenkens & Gilchrist v. Groia & Co., 542 F.3d 114, 119 (5th Cir. 2008)). Cases have applied these factors with and without acknowledging the incorporation of the Rule 55(c) good-cause standard. See Rogers, 167 F.3d at 938-39 (listing factors as applying to Rule 60(b)(1) without referring to the good-cause standard); In re OCA, Inc., 551 F.3d at 369, 370 n. 29 (noting the incorporation of the good-cause standard under the previous version of Rule 55(c), which it applied); Hutchins v. 3 Pickwick, LLC, Civil Action No. 6:08-cv-00060, 2008 WL 4346688, at *3-4 (S.D.Tex. 2008) (un
. Defendant Ishaq briefly mentions a defective service of citation based on the address listed being a business. Absent citation to legal authority and development of this argument, it is not incumbent on the court to explore this defense. The record is clear that Defendant Ishaq was served by way of personal delivery to an adult at his place of residence. See Doc. 15, Proof of Service. Defendant Akhter claims that he was served by mail, but this is contradicted by the return of summons that indicates personal service to an adult at his place of residence. See Doc. 7, Proof of Service.
. Defendant Ishaq did not submit an affidavit, and Defendant Akhter does not explain Defendant Ishaq's role in the corporate defendants. However, Plaintiff's complaint states that Defendant Ishaq was involved in the management and operation of the companies. See Doc. 1, Pl.'s Compl., ¶¶ 33-43.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Mohammad Zubair SAFDAR v. AFW, INC.
- Cited By
- 1 case
- Status
- Published