United States Court of Appeals For the First Circuit No. 24-1634 ROBERT P. CONLON, Personal Representative of the Estate of Michael Conlon; BETSY A. CONLON, Personal Representative of the Estate of Michael Conlon, Plaintiffs, Appellants, v. FRANCIS SCALTRETO, Officer, Newton Police Department; RICHARD BENES, Officer, Newton Police Department; GLENN CHISHOLM, Sergeant, Newton Police Department; DENNIS DOWLING, Captain, Newton Police Department; CHRISTOPHER MARZILLI, Captain, Newton Police Department; CITY OF NEWTON, Defendants, Appellees.

ERRATA SHEET The opinion of this Court, issued on October 22, 2025, is amended as follows: On page 20, line 2, omit "presently" On page 22, line 19, replace "see" with "see" On page 34 of the dissent, line 21, replace "metal" with "mental"