Santoyo v. Jones
Opinion of the Court
ORDER DENYING CERTIFICATE OF APPEALABILITY
Hector Omar Santoyo, an Oklahoma state prisoner proceeding pro se, seeks a certificate of appealability (COA) that would allow him to challenge the district
I. Background
In 2002, an Oklahoma jury convicted Mr. Santoyo of trafficking in illegal drugs. He was sentenced to life imprisonment and assessed a fine of $75,000. He filed a direct appeal (with different counsel representing him), contending that the evidence presented at trial was insufficient to support his conviction, prosecutorial misconduct denied him a fair trial, his sentence was excessive, and the cumulative effect of these errors denied him a fail’ trial. In 2004, the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals (OCCA) rejected these four contentions and affirmed Mr. Santoyo’s conviction and sentence.
Mr. Santoyo then filed an application for post-conviction relief in state court, asserting that the separate and cumulative effect of trial court errors and prosecutorial misconduct deprived him of a fair trial and due process of law, he was denied his Sixth Amendment right to effective assistance of trial and appellate counsel, and his conviction and sentence should be vacated because he is actually innocent.
With the exception of his claim of ineffective assistance of appellate counsel, Petitioner could have raised the arguments in the instant Application on direct appeal. Indeed, his claim of prosecutorial misconduct has been previously raised and rejected. As such it is barred by the doctrine of res judicata. Petitioner’s remaining claims are barred by the doctrine of waiver.
Even were this Court not to apply the procedural bar of waiver, Petitioner would not be entitled to the collateral relief he now seeks.
R. Doc. 26, Ex. D at 3; see Browning v. State, 144 P.3d 155, 156 (Okla.Crim.App. 2006) (“We will not treat the post-conviction process as a second appeal, and will apply the doctrines of res judicata and waiver where a claim either was, or could have been, raised in the petitioner’s direct appeal.”), cert. denied, -U.S.-, 127 S. Ct. 406, 166 L.Ed.2d 288 (2006). The state court also rejected Mr. Santoyo’s ineffective-assistance-of-appellate-counsel claim, noting that counsel was not required to raise every conceivable argument for review on appeal and concluding that Mr. Santoyo had failed to establish that counsel’s performance was “constitutionally deficient.” R. Doc. 26, Ex. D at 5 (citing Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984)).
In October 2005, while his appeal to the OCCA from the denial of his application for post-conviction relief was pending, Mr. Santoyo petitioned the federal district court for a writ of habeas corpus under 28 U.S.C. § 2254. In the petition he sought relief on eight grounds. Specifically, he alleged that: (1) the evidence was insufficient to support his conviction, (2) prosecutorial misconduct deprived him of a fair trial and due process of law, (3) his sentence was unconstitutionally excessive, (4) the separate and cumulative effect of trial court errors and prosecutorial misconduct
Mr. Santoyo subsequently sought a COA from the district court and requested leave to proceed in forma pauperis (IFP) on appeal. The district court denied his request for a COA and denied his application to proceed IFP, ruling that he had “not presented a reasoned, nonfrivolous argu
II. Discussion
In his application for a COA and his opening brief, Mr. Santoyo repeats grounds one, two, and seven (insufficient evidence, prosecutorial misconduct, and ineffective assistance of appellate counsel), and, as far as we can discern, objects to the district court’s dismissal, on procedural grounds, of grounds four, five, six, and eight (cumulative error, ineffective assistance of trial counsel, and actual innocence).
A habeas petitioner like Mr. Santoyo may appeal the denial of his petition for relief under 28 U.S.C. § 2254 only if the district court or this Court first issues a COA. Id. at § 2253(c)(1)(A). A COA will issue only if a petitioner makes a “substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional right.” Id. at § 2253(c)(2). To make such a showing, a petitioner must demonstrate that “reasonable jurists could debate whether ... the petition should have been resolved in a different manner or that the issues presented were adequate to deserve encouragement to proceed further.” Slack v. McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473, 484, 120 S.Ct. 1595, 146 L.Ed.2d 542 (2000) (internal quotation marks omitted). To the extent that the district court dismisses the petition on procedural grounds, a petitioner must also show that “jurists of reason would find it debatable whether the district court was correct in its procedural ruling.” Id. Further, we review for abuse of discretion the district court’s decisions to deny a petitioner’s request for an evidentiary hearing, and a petitioner’s motion to supplement the record. Schriro v. Landrigan, — U.S. -, 127 S.Ct. 1933, 1937, 1939-40, 167 L.Ed.2d 836 (2007) (request for evidentiary hearing); Anderson v. Att’y Gen. of Kan., 425 F.3d 853, 858 (10th Cir. 2005) (same); Gillette v. Tansy, 17 F.3d 308, 313 (10th Cir. 1994) (motion to supplement record).
Even under the liberal standard by which we judge a pro se litigant’s pleadings, see Ledbetter v. City of Topeka, 318 F.3d 1183, 1187 (10th Cir. 2003), Mr. Santoyo has failed to convince us that the district court should have resolved his petition differently. Specifically, reasonable jurists could not debate the federal district court’s determination that the OCCA’s rejection of grounds one, two, and seven was not contrary to, or an unreasonable application of, the standards set forth in Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319, 99 S.Ct. 2781, 61 L.Ed.2d 560 (1979) (insufficient evidence), Donnelly v. DeChristoforo, 416 U.S. 637, 643, 94 S.Ct. 1868, 40 L.Ed.2d 431 (1974) (prosecutorial misconduct), and Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687, 104 S.Ct. 2052 (ineffective assistance of counsel). Likewise, because Mr. Santoyo cannot demonstrate cause and prejudice for his procedural default of grounds four, five, six, and
III. Conclusion
Mr. Santoyo’s application for a COA is DENIED and the appeal is DISMISSED. His application to proceed IFP on appeal is GRANTED.
. We note that the cumulative-error claim raised in Mr. Santoyo’s application for post-conviction relief relied upon some alleged trial court errors that he did not present on direct appeal.
. Ground four mirrors the cumulative-error claim raised in his state court application for post-conviction relief.
. Mr. Santoyo withdrew ground three (excessive sentence). R. Doc. 39 at 7 ("Petitioner voluntarily withdraws ... claim [three]."); id. Doc. 41 at 3 (same).
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Hector Omar SANTOYO v. Justin JONES, Director
- Status
- Published