Appellate Case: 25-1195 Document: 11-1 Date Filed: 11/25/2025 Page: 1 FILED United States Court of Appeals UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS Tenth Circuit

FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT November 25, 2025 _________________________________ Christopher M. Wolpert Clerk of Court DEXTER HARRIS,

Plaintiff - Appellant,

v. No. 25-1195 (D.C. No. 1:24-CV-03161-LTB-RTG) DENVER DISTRICT COURT, Judge (D. Colo.) Karen L. Brody; COLORADO COURT OF APPEALS; COLORADO ATTORNEY GENERAL, Philip J. Weiser, Brittany Limes Zehner,

Defendants - Appellees. _________________________________

ORDER AND JUDGMENT * _________________________________

Before BACHARACH, MORITZ, and ROSSMAN, Circuit Judges. _________________________________

Dexter Harris, a pro se 1 plaintiff currently serving a Colorado prison sentence,

appeals the district court’s order construing his civil case against a state-court judge,

the Colorado Court of Appeals, and the Colorado Attorney General (together,

* After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist in the determination of this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is therefore ordered submitted without oral argument. This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. But it may be cited for its persuasive value. See Fed. R. App. P. 32.1(a); 10th Cir. R. 32.1(A). 1 We liberally construe Harris’s pro se filings, “but we do not act as his advocate.” United States v. Griffith, 928 F.3d 855, 864 n.1 (10th Cir. 2019). Appellate Case: 25-1195 Document: 11-1 Date Filed: 11/25/2025 Page: 2

defendants) as a 42 U.S.C. § 1983 action and dismissing it under Heck v. Humphrey,

512 U.S. 477 (1994). Harris maintains that he seeks only mandamus relief, so we

affirm on the grounds that federal courts lack authority to issue writs of mandamus to

state courts. See Knox v. Bland, 632 F.3d 1290, 1292 (10th Cir. 2011).

In November 2024, Harris sued defendants in federal district court,

challenging events related to his state criminal conviction. He alleged various

pretrial, trial, and postconviction errors that he claimed violated Colorado court rules

and his federal and state due-process rights. Liberally construed, his complaint

sought declaratory and injunctive relief, as well as relief under the mandamus statute,

28 U.S.C. § 1651. It asked the district court to order the state court to (1) appoint him

counsel, (2) set a hearing on his postconviction motion, and (3) resolve his

postconviction challenges and other alleged trial errors.

The district court granted Harris’s request to proceed in forma pauperis (IFP)

under 28 U.S.C. § 1915. Acting on its authority under that statute and 28 U.S.C.

§ 1915A, the district court construed Harris’s case as a § 1983 action and dismissed it

without prejudice for failing to state a claim under Heck. 2 See 28 U.S.C.

§ 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii).

Harris appeals. Our review is de novo. Kay v. Bemis, 500 F.3d 1214, 1217

(10th Cir. 2007).

2 The district court also denied Harris leave to proceed IFP on appeal without prejudice and certified under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(3) that any appeal would not be taken in good faith. 2 Appellate Case: 25-1195 Document: 11-1 Date Filed: 11/25/2025 Page: 3

Harris argues that the district court erred in construing his complaint as a

§ 1983 action and relying on Heck to dismiss for failure to state a claim. In so doing,

Harris confirms that the only relief he seeks is a writ of mandamus to compel the

Colorado state court to take certain action. Federal courts, however, “have no

authority to issue [writs of mandamus] to direct state courts or their judicial officers

in the performance of their duties.” Knox, 632 F.3d at 1292 (quoting Van Sickle v.

Holloway, 791 F.2d 1431, 1436 n.5 (10th Cir. 1986)). Accordingly, Harris cannot

secure relief and dismissal was appropriate. For this reason, we affirm. We also grant

Harris’s motion to proceed on appeal without prepayment of costs and fees; we

remind him he is required to make partial payments until the filing fee is paid in full.

Entered for the Court

Nancy L. Moritz Circuit Judge

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