In Adams v. Fidelity & Casualty Co., 920 F.2d 897 (11th Cir. 1991), we certified the following question to the Florida Supreme Court:

Assuming that Fla.Stat. Section 624.-155(1)(b)1. provides for a first-party bad faith claim in an uninsured motorist case, and assuming that damages exceeding the limits of the insurance policy may be collected against an uninsured motorist carrier, can the measure of damages properly include an award of punitive damages against the insurer?

Id. at 900. The Florida Supreme Court recently responded to this question in Adams v. Fidelity & Casualty Co., 591 So.2d 929 (Fla. 1992). The Florida Supreme Court referred to its recent decision in McLeod v. Continental Insurance Co., 591 So.2d 621 (Fla. 1992), as determinative of this case. In McLeod, the court held that the proper measure of damages in first-party actions under section 624.155 “are those amounts which are the natural, proximate, probable, or direct consequence of the insurer’s bad faith actions,” and rejected “the contention that first-party bad faith damages should be fixed at the amount of the excess judgment.” 591 So.2d at 626.

In the case at bar, the district court did not have the benefit of McLeod or the Florida Supreme Court’s answer to the certified question posed by this court in this case. Accordingly, we VACATE the judgment of the district court, and REMAND for reconsideration in light of the Florida Supreme Court’s decisions in McLeod and Adams.