John Clark, a pro se federal prisoner, appeals the district court’s sua sponte dismissal of his Bivens 1 complaint against defendants Gerardo Maldonado, Delra Willis, Darryl Acres, and Michael Branch, all federal prison officials. After review, we vacate the district court’s dismissal order.

„ Clarks complamt alleged that defendants violated his Eighth Amendment x rights by failing to protect him from an attack by another prisoner. According to Clark’s complaint, while at his workstation in the prison’s Unicor factory, Clark was stabbed in the neck and back by inmate Damion Rowe with scissors issued from the Unicor tool room. The day before, Clark had assaulted Rowe.

Clark’s complaint alleged that all prison employees were aware of the “War” between inmates who were members of the Bloods and the Crips and that the “War” would “always subject those inmates to risk of [a] substantial harm.” Clark further alleged that prison officials knew of his “gang status,” knew that there had been a “serious altercation” between Clark an(j Rowe the day before and knew that Rowe had been issued a pair of scissors from the tool supply room on the day of the attack. Clark alleged that immediately after Rowe’s assault of Clark, a guard reassured Clark that Rowe’s attack was not Clark’s fault, but “the result of a ‘Pris-T. „ „ r , . . . , on Life Time Wa[r] between two rival , , ,, street pngs (C^ ts. Bloods). Clark s complaint quoted the prison s response to his grievance, which stated:

“[Y]ou were assaulted on July 25, 2005, which is approximately four months ago. According to the investigation, you assaulted your assailant the day prior to you being assaulted[.] Both of these assaults were considered to be gang related between two rival street gangs (Crips vs Bloods). You were afforded the same protection and security as the inmate who you assaulted.”

Clark alleged that defendants’ subjective , , knowledge of a substantial risk of harm could be inferred from these facts,

After conducting a 28 U.S.C. § 1915A frivolity screening, the district court sua sponte dismissed Clark’s complaint for failure to state a claim. Specifically, the district court concluded that Clark’s complaint failed to allege that defendants had subjective knowledge of the risk of harm to Clark. The district court pointed out that Clark had not alleged that, before prison officials conducted them post-attack investigation, they actually were aware of *647 Clark’s earlier attack on Rowe or that it was likely Rowe would retaliate.

On appeal, Clark argues that the district court erred in dismissing his complaint with prejudice without first giving him the opportunity to amend it. 2 We agree.

Prior to 2002, a district court could not dismiss a complaint with prejudice without first giving the plaintiff a chance to amend the complaint if a more carefully drafted complaint might state a claim. ' Bank v. Pitt, 928 F.2d 1108, 1112 (11th Cir. 1991). In 2002, we overruled Bank and held that, “[a] district court is not required to grant a plaintiff leave to amend his complaint sua sponte when the plaintiff, who is repre-seuted by counsel, never filed a motion to amend nor requested leave to amend before the district court.” Wagner v. Dae-woo Heavy Indus. Am. Corp., 314 F.3d 541, 542 (11th Cir. 2002) (en banc) (emphasis added). We were careful to note, however, that our holding did not address pro se complaints. Id. at 542 n. 1. Thus, the Bank rule remains applicable to pro se litigants when their complaints are dismissed with prejudice.

Here, the district court dismissed Clark’s complaint with prejudice. See Fed. R. Civ. P 41(b) (providing that, unless a dismissal order states otherwise, an involuntary dismissal “operates as an adjudication on the merits”). 3 However, as the district court’s order highlights, Clark may be able to alleSe facts sufficient to show defendants’ subjective knowledge of a subsfcantial risk of harm to him“that is’ that defendants Maldonado, Willis, Acres and Branch were aware Prior to the attack that there was a substantial risk that Rowe would seriously harm Clark 4 According- ^ Pursuant to Bank> we vacate the dis' trict court’s dismissal of Clark’s complaint and remand for the district court to allow Clark to amend his complaint. 5

VACATED AND REMANDED,