USCA11 Case: 21-10785 Date Filed: 12/17/2021 Page: 1 of 4

[DO NOT PUBLISH] In the United States Court of Appeals For the Eleventh Circuit

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No. 21-10785 Non-Argument Calendar ____________________

LARKIN LLOYD DERKS, III, Plaintiff-Appellant, versus CENTURION MEDICAL, LLC, A. OAKS, Medical Administrator, DR. GUZMAN-RODRIGUEZ, DR. JASON BRENES-CATINCHI,

Defendants-Appellees, USCA11 Case: 21-10785 Date Filed: 12/17/2021 Page: 2 of 4

2 Opinion of the Court 21-10785

V. BAKER, Medical Administrator, et al.,

Defendants.

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Appeal from the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida D.C. Docket No. 6:18-cv-00451-PGB-EJK ____________________

Before LUCK, LAGOA, and TJOFLAT, Circuit Judges. PER CURIAM: Larkin Derks, III, a pro se state prisoner, filed a 42 U.S.C. § 1983 action against a private contractor that provided medical ser- vices to his prison—Centurion Medical, LLC (“Centurion”)—and three of its employees—Brenes-Catinchi, Oaks, and Guzman-Ro- driguez—alleging that they refused to provide medical care or fol- low specialists’ recommendations regarding his back and shoulder injuries. He appeals the denial of two Rule 59(e) motions. The first motion was filed after the district court dismissed his complaint as to Centurion, Brenes-Catinchi, and Oaks because Derks failed to exhaust his administrative remedies, and the second was filed after the district court dismissed his complaint as to Guzman-Rodriguez based on Eleventh Amendment immunity. Derks argues that he USCA11 Case: 21-10785 Date Filed: 12/17/2021 Page: 3 of 4

21-10785 Opinion of the Court 3

did not receive one of two identical motions to dismiss and, thus, did not have the opportunity to respond to the exhaustion argu- ments raised in that motion. I. We review the denial of a Rule 59(e) motion for abuse of discretion. Lambert v. Fulton Cnty., Ga., 253 F.3d 588, 598 (11th Cir. 2001). The only grounds for granting a Rule 59 motion are newly-discovered evidence or manifest errors of law or fact. Ar- thur v. King, 500 F.3d 1335, 1343 (11th Cir. 2007). Due process requires notice reasonably calculated, under all the circumstances, to apprise interested parties of the pendency of the action and afford them an opportunity to present their objec- tions. United Student Aid Funds, Inc. v. Espinosa, 559 U.S. 260, 272, 130 S. Ct. 1367, 1378 (2010). It does not require actual notice. Jones v. Flowers, 547 U.S. 220, 225, 126 S. Ct. 1708, 1713 (2006). Pro se litigants must conform to procedural rules. Albra v. Advan, Inc., 490 F.3d 826, 829 (11th Cir. 2007) (per curiam). Con- sequently, arguments not raised on appeal, even by pro se litigants, are deemed abandoned. Timson v. Sampson, 518 F.3d 870, 874 (11th Cir. 2008) (per curiam). An appellant also abandons a claim when: (1) he makes only passing reference to it, (2) he raises it in a perfunctory manner without supporting arguments and authority, (3) he refers to it only in the “statement of the case” or “summary of the argument,” or (4) the references to the issue are mere USCA11 Case: 21-10785 Date Filed: 12/17/2021 Page: 4 of 4

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background to the appellant’s main arguments. Sapuppo v. All- state Floridian Ins. Co., 739 F.3d 678, 681-82 (11th Cir. 2014). Here, the district court properly denied Derks’s Rule 59 mo- tion as to Centurion, Oaks, and Brenes-Catinchi because the sec- ond motion to dismiss contained identical exhaustion arguments, so Derks had actual notice of them and not receiving the first mo- tion did not deny him the opportunity to respond to them. Addi- tionally, Derks does not raise and, thus, abandons any argument as to newly-discovered evidence. II. Derks abandons his claim that the district court abused its discretion by denying Derks’s Rule 59 motion as to Guzman-Ro- driguez. In his brief, he merely states that Guzman-Rodriguez was an employee of a private company and not a government agency or local government, without providing any supporting arguments as to newly-discovered evidence or manifest errors or citing any authority. Accordingly, we affirm. AFFIRMED.