USCA11 Case: 22-14225 Document: 50-1 Date Filed: 09/01/2023 Page: 1 of 4

[DO NOT PUBLISH] In the United States Court of Appeals For the Eleventh Circuit ____________________ No. 22-14225 Non-Argument Calendar ____________________ DEUTSCHE BANK TRUST COMPANY AMERICAS, as Trustee, Plaintiff-Appellee, versus CHRISTOPHER M. HUNT, and All Others,

Defendant-Appellant.

____________________ Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia USCA11 Case: 22-14225 Document: 50-1 Date Filed: 09/01/2023 Page: 2 of 4

PER CURIAM: Christopher M. Hunt, appealing pro se, challenges the dis- trict court’s denial of his motion to recall the remand to state court of an action filed by Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas (“DBTCA”) against him arising out of foreclosure proceedings against Hunt’s home, which Hunt removed to federal court before the district court sua sponte remanded for lack of subject matter ju- risdiction. DBTCA moved to dismiss Hunt’s appeal of the denial, arguing that we lack jurisdiction to review the district court’s de- nial of Hunt’s motion to recall the remand because it was effec- tively a challenge to the unreviewable remand order. We dis- missed Hunt’s appeal to the extent that he sought review of the original remand order and carried DBTCA’s motion with the case to the extent that Hunt sought review of the district court’s order denying his motion to recall the remand. On appeal, Hunt argues that the district court erred in denying his motion because the state court had no jurisdiction over his claims, DBTCA defrauded the court in manufacturing state jurisdiction, Hunt presented constitu- tional issues that must be decided in federal court, and DBTCA lacks standing to be in any court.

We review de novo “a district court’s interpretation and ap- plication of statutory provisions that go to whether the court has USCA11 Case: 22-14225 Document: 50-1 Date Filed: 09/01/2023 Page: 3 of 4

22-14225 Opinion of the Court 3 subject matter jurisdiction.” United States v. Tinoco, 304 F.3d 1088, 1114 (11th Cir. 2002).

Generally, “[a]n order remanding a case to the State court from which it was removed is not reviewable on appeal or other- wise.” 28 U.S.C. § 1447(d). However, only remand orders issued under 28 U.S.C. § 1447(c) are immune from review under § 1447(d).

Thermtron Prods., Inc. v. Hermansdorfer, 423 U.S. 336, 346 (1976), ab- rogated on other grounds by Quackenbush v. Allstate Ins. Co., 517 U.S. 706, 714-15 (1996); see also New v. Sports & Recreation, Inc., 114 F.3d 1092, 1095-96 (11th Cir. 1997). Remands for which review is barred under § 1447(c) include remands based on lack of subject matter jurisdiction and remands based on a defect in the removal proce- dure. 28 U.S.C. § 1447(c); Whole Health Chiropractic & Wellness, Inc. v. Humana Med. Plan, Inc., 254 F.3d 1317, 1319 (11th Cir. 2001).

When a district court remands a case to state court for lack of subject matter jurisdiction, it cannot review its decision by en- tertaining a motion for reconsideration. Bender v. Mazda Motor Corp., 657 F.3d 1200, 1204 (11th Cir. 2011) (holding that § 1447(d) prohibits a district court from reconsidering its remand order be- cause the district court no longer had jurisdiction over the case); Harris v. Blue Cross/Blue Shield of Ala., Inc., 951 F.2d 325, 330 (11th Cir. 1992) (holding that the district court could not reconsider its remand order because it was based on § 1447(c)).

In In re Loudermilch, 158 F.3d 1143 (11th Cir. 1998), we held that, while § 1447(d)’s prohibition on appellate review of remand orders was “strict,” we nevertheless had jurisdiction to rule on a USCA11 Case: 22-14225 Document: 50-1 Date Filed: 09/01/2023 Page: 4 of 4

Here, while we have jurisdiction to review the district court’s denial of Hunt’s motion to recall the remand to state court, the district court did not err in finding that it lacked subject matter jurisdiction to reconsider the remand order because it remanded to state court due to lack of subject matter jurisdiction. See 28 U.S.C. § 1447(c)–(d); Bender, 657 F.3d at 1202-04; Harris, 951 F.2d at 330.

AFFIRMED.1