U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit, 2023

Soul Quest Church of Mother Earth, Inc. v. Attorney General of the United States

U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit · Decided December 18, 2023

92 F.4th 953 (Federal Reporter, Fourth Series)

Opinion

USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 1 of 58

In the United States Court of Appeals For the Eleventh Circuit ____________________

____________________ USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 2 of 58 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 3 of 58 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 4 of 58 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 5 of 58 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 6 of 58 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 7 of 58 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 8 of 58 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 9 of 58 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 10 of 58 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 11 of 58 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 12 of 58 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 13 of 58 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 14 of 58 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 15 of 58 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 16 of 58 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 17 of 58 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 18 of 58

USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 19 of 58

whether USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 20 of 58 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 21 of 58 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 22 of 58 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 23 of 58 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 24 of 58 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 25 of 58 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 26 of 58 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 27 of 58 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 28 of 58 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 29 of 58 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 30 of 58 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 31 of 58 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 32 of 58 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 33 of 58 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 34 of 58 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 35 of 58 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 36 of 58 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 37 of 58 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 38 of 58 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 39 of 58 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 40 of 58 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 41 of 58 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 42 of 58

2 NEWSOM, J., dissenting 22-11072 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 43 of 58

22-11072 NEWSOM, J., Dissenting 3

USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 44 of 58

4 NEWSOM, J., dissenting 22-11072 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 45 of 58

22-11072 NEWSOM, J., Dissenting 5 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 46 of 58

6 NEWSOM, J., dissenting 22-11072 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 47 of 58

22-11072 NEWSOM, J., Dissenting 7 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 48 of 58

8 NEWSOM, J., dissenting 22-11072 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 49 of 58

22-11072 NEWSOM, J., Dissenting 9 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 50 of 58

10 NEWSOM, J., dissenting 22-11072 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 51 of 58

22-11072 NEWSOM, J., Dissenting 11 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 52 of 58

12 NEWSOM, J., dissenting 22-11072 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 53 of 58

22-11072 NEWSOM, J., Dissenting 13 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 54 of 58

14 NEWSOM, J., dissenting 22-11072 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 55 of 58

22-11072 NEWSOM, J., Dissenting 15 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 56 of 58

16 NEWSOM, J., dissenting 22-11072 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 57 of 58

22-11072 NEWSOM, J., Dissenting 17 USCA11 Case: 22-11072 Document: 38-1 Date Filed: 12/18/2023 Page: 58 of 58

18 NEWSOM, J., dissenting 22-11072

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