USCA11 Case: 22-12737 Document: 25-1 Date Filed: 02/07/2024 Page: 1 of 3

[DO NOT PUBLISH] In the United States Court of Appeals For the Eleventh Circuit

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No. 22-12737 Non-Argument Calendar ____________________

MICHAEL MEYERS, Petitioner-Appellant, versus SECRETARY, DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS, ATTORNEY GENERAL, STATE OF FLORIDA,

Respondents-Appellees.

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Appeal from the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida D.C. Docket No. 5:19-cv-00460-PGB-PRL USCA11 Case: 22-12737 Document: 25-1 Date Filed: 02/07/2024 Page: 2 of 3

2 Opinion of the Court 22-12737

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Before WILSON, LUCK, and ANDERSON, Circuit Judges. PER CURIAM: Michael Meyers, a Florida prisoner proceeding pro se, ap- peals the district court’s denial of his 28 U.S.C. § 2254 petition for a writ of habeas corpus. We granted a certificate of appealability (“COA”) as to the following issue: “Did Meyers’ trial counsel pro- vide ineffective assistance, under Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984), by conceding Meyers’ guilt as to the theft charge during closing arguments?” However, the majority of Meyers’ brief ar- gues that counsel was ineffective for conceding to a trespass charge and he only mentions the theft charge one time, in passing. When evaluating a district court’s denial of a § 2254 petition, we review questions of law and mixed questions of law and fact de novo, and findings of fact for clear error. Tanzi v. Sec’y, Fla. Dep’t of Corr., 772 F.3d 644, 651 (11th Cir. 2014). The scope of review in a habeas appeal is limited to the is- sues specified in the COA. Murray v. United States, 145 F.3d 1249, 1250 (11th Cir. 1998). Documents filed by pro se litigants are to be liberally construed and must be held to less stringent standards than documents drafted by attorneys. Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97, 106 (1976). Nevertheless, pro se litigants are still required to con- form to procedural rules. Albra v. Advan, Inc., 490 F.3d 826, 829 (11th Cir. 2007). Further, liberal treatment of pro se pleadings “does not give a court license to serve as de facto counsel for a party, or to USCA11 Case: 22-12737 Document: 25-1 Date Filed: 02/07/2024 Page: 3 of 3

22-12737 Opinion of the Court 3

rewrite an otherwise deficient pleading in order to sustain an ac- tion.” Campbell v. Air Jamaica, 760 F.3d 1165, 1168-69 (11th Cir. 2014). An appellant abandons any argument not briefed before us, made in passing, or raised briefly without supporting arguments or authority. Access Now, Inc. v. Sw. Airlines Co., 385 F.3d 1324, 1330 (11th Cir. 2004); Sapuppo v. Allstate Floridian Ins. Co., 739 F.3d 678, 681 (11th Cir. 2014). Here, most of Meyers’ brief is beyond our review because it does not address the issue specified in the COA. Murray, 145 F.3d at 1250. We granted a COA as to the following issue only: “Did Meyers’ trial counsel provide ineffective assistance, under Strick- land . . . by conceding Meyers’ guilt as to the theft charge during closing arguments?” However, the majority of Meyers’ brief ar- gues that counsel was ineffective for conceding to the trespass charge and he only mentions the theft charge one time, in passing. And, in that instance, Meyers makes no argument regarding the theft charge but, instead, simply quotes counsel’s language from closing argument. Although we liberally construe Meyers’ argu- ments, we cannot serve as de facto counsel to rewrite the deficien- cies in his pleadings. Estelle, 429 U.S. at 106; Albra, 490 F.3d at 829; Campbell, 760 F.3d at 1168-69. Accordingly, he has abandoned any challenge to the certified question by failing to properly brief it on appeal and we affirm. Access Now, Inc., 385 F.3d at 1330. AFFIRMED.