Jada Orr v. Calavan Kia of West Atlanta

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NOT FOR PUBLICATION

In the United States Court of Appeals For the Eleventh Circuit ____________________ No. 25-10622 Non-Argument Calendar ____________________ JADA M. ORR, Plaintiff-Appellant, versus HYUNDAI CAPITAL AMERICA, d.b.a. Kia Finance America, Defendant, KIA FINANCE AMERICA, CALAVAN KIA OF WEST ATLANTA, Defendants-Appellees. ____________________ Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia D.C. Docket No. 1:23-cv-00334-JPB ____________________ Before LUCK, LAGOA, and BRASHER, Circuit Judges.

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2 Opinion of the Court 25-10622 PER CURIAM: Jada Orr, proceeding pro se, appeals the district court’s de- nial of her motion to amend her complaint. Orr’s suit arises out of her purchase of a car from Calavan Kia of West Atlanta, a car deal- ership. She brought a total of seventeen claims against Calavan and Kia Finance America, a financial services company, alleging viola- tions of the Truth in Lending Act, Fair Credit Reporting Act, Fair Credit Billing Act, and the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, as well as breach of contract. The district court dismissed with preju- dice all of Orr’s claims except for breach of contract, which it dis- missed without prejudice. The district court also denied Orr’s mo- tion to file a third amended complaint, holding that amendment was futile because her claims were legally and factually baseless.

On appeal, Orr argues that the district court should have granted her motion to amend and that it erred in dismissing her federal claims with prejudice. We affirm.

I.

Orr purchased a car from Calavan, which she financed through Kia Finance. She eventually sued both, alleging that the financial arrangement violated federal and state law. After Orr filed two amended complaints, Calavan and Kia Finance separately moved to dismiss under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6).

Orr subsequently moved to file a third amended complaint. After exhaustively reviewing Orr’s arguments, the magistrate judge rec- ommended dismissing her claims and denying her motion to amend. He also concluded that Orr’s proposed third amended USCA11 Case: 25-10622 Document: 53-1 Date Filed: 06/09/2026 Page: 3 of 6

25-10622 Opinion of the Court 3 complaint “merely rehashe[d]” the second amended complaint.

Doc. 60 at 31. The magistrate judge observed that Orr’s third amended complaint relied on the same exhibits contained in her initial disclosures and did not introduce new facts or arguments.

Because amendment would be futile, he recommended denying the motion to amend and dismissing with prejudice. Id. at 32.

After Orr objected, the district court adopted the report and recommendation in part. It agreed that all of Orr’s federal claims were due to be dismissed with prejudice, but held that her breach of contract claim was viable. Because the district court dismissed the federal claims, it lacked supplemental jurisdiction over the state breach of contract claim and dismissed it without prejudice.

Orr timely appealed.

II.

We review de novo an order denying a plaintiff leave to amend because of futility. Cockrell v. Sparks, 510 F.3d 1307, 1310 (11th Cir. 2007).

III.

At the outset, Orr states in her brief that she “does not seek reversal of all dismissals” but only that her “claims be modified to be dismissed without prejudice.” Reply Br. at 3. In other words, Orr does not challenge the district court’s analysis of her claims. Ac- cordingly, because she “seeks not to reargue dismissed matters,” id. USCA11 Case: 25-10622 Document: 53-1 Date Filed: 06/09/2026 Page: 4 of 6

4 Opinion of the Court 25-10622 at 1, she has abandoned any challenge to the district court’s reason- ing in its final order. See Sapuppo v. Allstate Floridian Ins. Co., 739 F.3d 678, 681 (11th Cir. 2014).

Orr makes two separate arguments instead. First, she asserts that the district court erred when it dismissed her claims with prej- udice despite her attempt to amend her complaint. She contends that her third amended complaint alleged facts sufficient to state a claim under TILA and Georgia law. Second, she argues that the district court’s dismissal of her breach of contract claim without prejudice proves that the district court erred in dismissing her other claims with prejudice. We address both of her arguments in turn.

First, the district court properly denied Orr’s motion to amend because it would have been futile. A district court may deny leave to amend when the amended complaint still fails to state a claim. Cockrell, 510 F.3d at 1310. Here, the district court correctly concluded that amendment was futile. Orr’s third amended com- plaint was substantively identical to her second. She did not ad- vance any new claims, her arguments recapitulated others already before the district court, and all but one of her supporting exhibits were already in the record. The new exhibit pertained to her breach of contract claim, however, which the district court dis- missed without prejudice—a ruling she does not challenge on ap- peal. Because the third amended complaint was a retread of the second, and because Orr does not contest that the district court properly dismissed her second amended complaint, her motion to amend was futile.

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25-10622 Opinion of the Court 5 Orr argues that amendment was not futile because her third amended complaint alleged that Kia Finance violated TILA by re- quiring a down payment. But this allegation was in her second amended complaint, and the district court rejected the argument on the merits. As discussed, Orr does not advance any argument or otherwise challenge the district court’s reasoning, so we consider this issue abandoned. Sapuppo, 739 F.3d at 681.

Orr also argues that amendment was not futile because her third amended complaint supposedly “clarified” several argu- ments. She contends that Calavan and Kia Finance misrepresented their respective roles in the financial arrangement and that the amended complaint alleged violations of several provisions of Georgia law. Orr concedes, however, that she did not raise these theories in the district court, and we decline to pass on them in the first instance. Stewart v. Dep’t of Health & Hum. Servs., 26 F.3d 115, 115 (11th Cir. 1994) (“As a general principle, this court will not ad- dress an argument that has not been raised in the district court.”); Access Now, Inc. v. Sw. Airlines Co., 385 F.3d 1324, 1331–32 (11th Cir. 2004) (declining to address fact-dependent argument where district court lacked “an opportunity to make any findings as to the new allegations”). In any event, the district court could not have erred in concluding that amendment was futile when Orr never ex- plained how the proposed amendment cured the deficiencies in her previous complaint.

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6 Opinion of the Court 25-10622 Second, the district court’s dismissal of Orr’s breach of con- tract claim without prejudice was not “inconsistent” with its dis- missal of her other claims with prejudice. Orr’s claim that Kia Fi- nance breached the vehicle purchase agreement sounded in state law. Because the district court dismissed all claims over which it had original jurisdiction, it had discretion to dismiss the state law contract claim. 28 U.S.C. § 1367(c)(3). Dismissal without prejudice is the appropriate disposition under these circumstances. Crosby v. Paulk, 187 F.3d 1339, 1352 (11th Cir. 1999). By contrast, because the district court reached the merits of Orr’s other claims, dismissal with prejudice was proper. Campbell v. Air Jamaica Ltd., 760 F.3d 1165, 1169 (11th Cir. 2014) (citation omitted). There is no incon- sistency.

IV.

AFFIRMED.