This patent has been three times under consideration by the circuit court for the district of Connecticut, in suits against the same infringer for three infringements; and a de scription of the patentable character of the improvement, of its distinctive features, and of the infringed claims, was given in the opinions of that court. Sawyer Spindle Co. v. W. G. & A. R. Morrison Co., 52 Fed. 590, 54 Fed. 693, and 57 Fed. 653. The patent has also been sustained by the circuit court and the circuit court of appeals for the *694Third circuit. Sawyer Spindle Co. v. Taylor, 69 Fed. 837; Id., 22 C. C. A. 203, 75 Fed. 301. The infringing device in the first case was quite a close copy of the patented structure, and therefore the attention of the court was especially called to the patentable character of the invention, in view of the spindle support of Francis J. Rabbeth, which was patented- in 1880, by letters patent No. 227,129, and upon which the Atwood support was an improvement. “The Rabbeth structure had a supporting tube rigidly connected with the rail, a bolster bearing, which was a thin tube affording a lateral bearing surface for the spindle, a yielding cushion between the bolster bearing and the supporting tube, and a step bearing within the supporting tube.” This spindle is well adapted for cotton spinning, and was largely used, but was not a success in silk spinning-, in which the spindles necessarily carry unequally balanced loads, must have room within which to vibrate, strength to resist strains, and must be enabled to vibrate within restrained limits. The Atwood support was a tube containing step and bolster bearings, which was flexibly mounted, with relation to the rail of the spinning machine. “The flexible attachment, with relation to the rail, of this supporting tube, is the gist of the Atwood device, and was its substantial improvement upon the rigidly held supporting tube of the Rabbeth spindle; and its cushion interposed between the supporting tube and the thin tubé which constituted the bolster bearing.” The Atwood spindle has had large success, and is generally adopted in silk-spinning machines. After the decision of the first suit, the infringer moved further away from the patent in the second infringement, which was known as the “Hammond Spindle,” and the use of which was also enjoined, and which it is not necessary to describe. The third infringement moved still further away from the patent, and was known as the “Dady Spindle,” the use of which was also sought to be enjoined in the suit which included the Hammond infringement. The specification of the Atwood patent laid stress upon the supporting tube,- which contained both step and bolster bearings; and the court, in its first opinion, spoke of a tube which combined the two bearings “in one piece of metal.” In the Dady spindle,’ the supporting tube was transversely divided into two parts. The lower part was about 13-16 of an inch in height, rested upon the bottom of the oil cup, was socketed, and received into its socket the step of the spindle, and was its step bearing. One piece of metal did not contain both bearings, but the two parts were so bound together by the spindle which revolved in the socketed step bearing that they acted as one tube, and there was no substantial independent movement -of the step bearing. It was said in the third opinion that Atwood’s method of construction of both bearings in one tube was vital, if it was demanded by the claims of the patent, or if the transverse severance created a substantial change in the mode of operation of the supporting tube. It became clear that the severance created no difference, and that the parts of the "tube moved together laterally in all directions. The court was also satisfied that the claims did not require that the tube should be of one piece of metal, and the use of the Dady spindle was enjoined. The device which is the subject of this suit has been moved still further away from the patent. The lower *695part of the supporting tube has been cut off, and the end of the spindle is supported upon a flat step, which can move freely in the bottom of the oil cup. It is urged by the complainant, and it is true, that, while the loosely moving flat step affords the only vertical bearing, a lateral bearing for the lower reduced end of the spindle exists in the single supporting tube, and that the effect or the mode of operation is not at all changed by this change in the mode of construction; but it is also true that the step bearing is that part of the structure upon which the lower end of the shaft of the spindle revolves, and that by “step bearing” the part which, contains the endwise pressure is meant. The learned expert for the complainants presents his point upon this part of the case as follows:

'Of course, it is not strictly accurate, as a matter of language, to say that In defendants’ spindle the supporting tube contains the step and holster bearings for the spindle, as the step hearing, or the portion thereof that sustains the endwise pressure of the spindle, is supported in the oil cup, and not contained within, or made a part of, the supporting tube. As a mechanical matter, however, the difference is of no importance, and the mode of operation and result is precisely the same as if the end hearing of the spindle were a part of the supporting tube; that is, in defendants’ structure, the same as in that of the Atwood patent, the spindle and its supporting tube may move together laterally in all directions during the self-adjustment of the spindle while carrying an equally balanced bobbin and its yarn.”

The case is therefore as follows: The gist of the Atwood invention, which is the flexible attachment with relation to the rail of the supporting tube, is contained in the present Morrison spindle, in which the effect or the mode of operation of the Atwood support has not been changed. But Atwood thought that a portion of his improvement consisted in a flexibly mounted supporting tube, which contained both step and holster bearings for the spindle. He says:

“The characteristic feature of my present invention is a supporting tube which is flexibly mounted, with relation to the spindle rail, and contains the step and bolster hearings for the spindle, so that the latter and said tube may move together laterally in all directions during the self-adjustment of the spindle, while carrying an unequally balanced bobbin and its yarn, instead of relying upon the movement of the spindle and its hearings within, and independently of, the supporting tube, as heretofore in this class of spindles.”

The specification says, also:

“The supporting piece or tube, G, containing, as it does, the bolster and step bearings for the spindle, constitutes a combined holster and step, which moves laterally with the spindle in all directions during its self-adjustment.”

And furthermore, when describing the construction shown in Fig. 4:

“The supporting tube, c, e', like the one before described, contains both the upper and lower bearings for the spindle; but its lower portion is partially located within the base, H, as is clearly shown in the drawings. The upper portion, c, of said tube, contains the upper or holster bearing; and the lower portion, c', contains the step hearing.”

A part of the combination of claim 2 is “a combined bolster and step,” and a part of the combination of claim 3 is “a supporting tube flexibly mounted with relation to the spindle rail, and containing step and bolster bearings.” As we now understand the patent, it is difficult to examine the claims by the aid of the language of the specification, and say that the patentee did not describe, and did not intend to describe, in claims 2 and 3, as an indispensable portion of his invention, *696the supporting tube, which contained in some of its parts both bolster and, step bearings, and thus constituted a combined bolster and step. He seems to have tied up his patent to this method of construction, and thus to have permitted the defendants to take the vital part of his invention, without infringement of the claims of the patent. The order of injunction pendente lite is reversed, with costs.