November 3, 1911, the canal boat S. G. Meil, laden with wheat arrived at a point just east of lock 37 in the Erie Canal. She was the last of -a tandem tow of three boats bound east from Buffalo to New York City. The boats had to go through the lock separately, and after the first two had passed through a team of horses took hold of the'Meil. Between 8 and 9 p. m., as she was passing a scow lying about 10 feet off the heel bank of the canal and opposite to a 'hoisting derrick belonging to the Acme Engineering & Construction Company, she struck some obstruction on the bottom, which caused her to leak and soon afterwards to sink. The bottom of the canal in this lock is solid rock. The District Judge located the place of the accident in accordance with the testimony of all the witnesses, as above stated.

[ 1 ] The libel charges the defendant with having negligently dropped a stone which caused the damage into the canal and having left it there. Subsequently, on the morning of November 21st, after the water had been run out of the canal for the season, some witnesses for the libel-ant testified that they found a stone on the bottom about 10 or 12 feet from the towpath bank at the place where they had been told the boat struck. This stone they say disappeared shortly after it was found. The defendant had a contract with the state of New York to blast away rock on the south or heel side of the canal at this lock and to build a wall of dressed 'stone on the north or towpath side, and he had sublet the former work to the Acme Company and the latter to the Dathrop, Shea & Henwood Company, each of which used a derrick.

The District Judge got the impression that the Acme Company was engaged in widening and deepening the canal, and that the stone in *849question must have been thrown up by blasting. Therefore he applied to it the rule laid down by us in Huntley v. Empire Engineering Co.. 211 Fed. 959, 128 C. C. A. 457. This made a very exact analysis of the testimony unnecessary. It was enough that no other cause for the presence of the stone had been shown and the defendant had made no explanation.

In the Huntley Case the defendant was engaged in deepening the canal itself, and was bound to see that the work it was doing did not interfere with navigation. There was no possible explanation for the presence of the obstruction, other than that work. The case was an exceptional one, and the decision not to be extended. Here the defendant had nothing to do with the canal, but was engaged in operations on land on each side of it. The libelant could not rely upon the presumption that, in the absence of explanation by the defendant, he must have caused the obstruction.

The Acme Company and the Lathrop Company were independent contractors; but, as the defendant does not raise the question of his liability for their acts, we do not discuss it. It is enough to say that, when the work going on involves a nuisance, e. g., excavating or obstructing a public street or waterway, quite a different measure of liability may apply from that appropriate to operations which only indirectly and through negligence cause injury. McCafferty v. Railroad Co., 61 N. Y. 178, 19 Am. Rep. 267.

[2] It is quite clear that the boom of the Acme Company’s derrick, which only extended about 20 feet over the canal, could not have reached to a point 12 feet from the towpath side; the canal being 65-feet wide. Could, then, a stone have been dropped at the place fixed by the Lathrop Company’s derrick ? Its derrick, with a boom 60 feet long, was on top of the stone wall in course of construction on the towpath side. The libelant’s witness Shingle, who was driving the team, says it had got to where the stone was being unloaded on the cars when the boat fetched up. As the towing line was 200 feet long, the place of the striking must have been some 200 feet west of the wall. The libelant’s witness Klock says the stone which was pointed out to him on the morning of November 21st was not within reach of the Lathrop Company’s derrick, whose boom was from 50 to 80 feet east of that point. A surveyor employed by the defendant some 13 months after the accident made a map of the location, placing the Acme Company’s derrick, which had been removed in the meantime, at a point fixed by McDonald, who was the company’s foreman at the time. This was 153 feet west of the beginning of the stone wall where the Lathrop Company’s derrick was. Murray, the defendant, puts the-Acme Company’s derrick 270 feet west of the Lathrop Company’s derrick. The libelant’s witness Woods is the only witness who says that the stone he found on the morning of November 21st was within reach of the Lathrop Company’s derrick.

We think the weight of the testimony is that a stone at the place of the accident as fixed by the District Judge could not have been dropped by the derrick of either of these companies, and if the stone said to have been found was within reach of the Lathrop Company’s der*850rick, as Woods says, then the libelant’s boat did not run upon it, because the place of tire accident was much further to the west.

The libelant having failed to prove that the stone which he claims did the injury was dropped by either of the defendant’s subcontractors, the libel should have been dismissed.

The decree is reversed.