Olsen v. Helvering
Opinion of the Court
This is an appeal from an order of the Board of Tax Appeals, determining a deficiency in income tax for the year 1931 against Robert M. Olsen, as administrator
Section 272(a) of the Revenue Act of 1928 (26 U.S.C.A. § 272 and note) requires the Commissioner to give notice to the “taxpayer,” and we will assume without deciding, that when an executor or an administrator files a return as such, even for the period of the deceased’s life, he, and he alone, is the “taxpayer.” If so, section 272 (k) did not apply to the case at bar, but only to returns filed by the deceased, or by a person for whom some other “fiduciary” has been substituted meanwhile ; it was intended to protect the Commissioner when the return gave no evidence of the substitution and when therefore he had no one to notify except the person who filed. Upon such an interpretation the notice was invalid, and section 272(k) did not need it; we may assume as much, because it makes no difference in the result. In fact the notice reached Robert M. Olsen without delay and answered every purpose of a notice properly addressed to him; he knew that the Commissioner meant to assess him as administrator; he understood the reason for the assessment and that it was his duty to respond. His petition of review to the Board makes it perfectly plain that he was not misled, and had enjoyed every privilege which a notice formally correct would have given him. This being true, we are unwilling to construe even a tax statute in the archaic spirit necessary to defeat this levy; the notice is only to advise the person who is to pay the deficiency that the Commissioner means to assess him; anything that does this unequivocally is good enough. While no decision is quite on all fours, there are several which hold that mistakes in the notice which do not frustrate its purpose, are negligible. Burnet v. San Joaquin F. & I. Co., 52 F.(2d) 123, 128 (C.C.A.9); Commissioner v. Nichols & Cox L. Co., 65 F.(2d) 1009 (C.C.A.6); Whitmer v. Lucas, 53 F.(2d) 1006 (C.C.A. 7); Commissioner v. New York Trust Co., 54 F.(2d) 463, 465 (C.C.A.2); Haag v. Commissioner, 59 F.(2d) 516 (C.C.A.7).
The other question depends upon Robert M. Olsen’s discharge as administrator by the probate court before the deficiency was levied, the theory being that, being thereafter functus officio, no new liability could be imposed upon him, and that the tax if collectible at all was collectible only from the next of kin as transferees. On this the jurisdiction of the Board is thought to rest, since if he was not assessable, he was not a “taxpayer,” and could not petition under section 272(a). The more searching invalidity would seem to be the invalidity of the assessment itself. The whole matter was before the Supreme Court in Hulburd v. Commissioner, 296 U. S. 300, 56 S.Ct. 197, 80 L.Ed. 242, where it was held that if under the local law discharge by the probate court of an executor or administrator completely ends his power to represent the deceased — to continue his “person” — he is exempt from further assessment. After an extended consideration of Illinois law the court there concluded that in that- state the discharge did just that, and it therefore declared the assessment invalid. It seems to be supposed that for this reason the assessment at bar was equally void, but that is true only in case the law of New York is like that of Illinois. We should be obliged to examine that question for ourselves, were it not that in the course of
Order affirmed.
Concurring Opinion
(concurring).
Accepting the majority opinion in Bogardus v. Commissioner, 88 F.(2d) 646, as establishing the taxability of the payment in question, I concur.
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