National Labor Relations Board v. Consolidated Dress Carriers, Inc.
Opinion of the Court
RALPH K. WINTER, Circuit Judge:
Petitioner National Labor Relations Board (“Board”) requests enforcement of its order, issued December 10, 1981, affirming the Administrative Law Judge’s (“ALJ”) decision and adopting his recommendation that the Respondent employer be ordered to reinstate striking employees with back pay. While the employer vigorously contests the underlying facts, we find, with one exception, the Board’s decision to be supported by the record. A detailed discussion is thus unnecessary. The employees embarked on an economic strike but, before they were permanently replaced, made unconditional requests to return to work which the employer refused. The failure to accept these offers justifies the Board’s order of reinstatement with back pay. N.L.R.B. v. Independent Association of Steel Fabricators, 582 F.2d 135, 152-53 (2d Cir. 1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1130, 99 S.Ct. 1049, 59 L.Ed.2d 91 (1979).
Our disagreement with the Board concerns the following event. Some time after the initial refusal to rehire the strikers, the employer sent mailgrams or telegrams to 53 of the 66 striking employees, offering them reinstatement. Although the exact message varied somewhat, each telegram or mailgram directed the employee to report for work the following day.
Such evidence, however, undercuts the ALJ’s finding as to the meaning of the notices, for it supports the view that the telegrams stated the earliest, rather than the latest, time at which reinstatement was available. Since the notices are facially ambiguous and the record is, in the words of counsel for the Board, “incomplete” as to the method by which work is assigned,
The Board argues that the burden of persuasion is on the employer to show a valid offer of reinstatement and, thus, the deficiencies in the record call for enforcement of the order. While we agree that the employer has the burden of persuasion, we also believe that the inquiry as to the employees’ actual understanding of the mailgrams is analogous to the question of whether an employee entitled to reinstatement and back pay incurred willful loss of earnings. In the latter case, we have held that while the ultimate burden of persuasion on the issue rests with the employer, the Board has an initial obligation to produce the employees to testify.
We remand, therefore, for a hearing on the circumstances surrounding the alleged offer of reinstatement.
Since the Board must produce the employees to testify concerning their understanding of the offer of reinstatement, and that testimony is relevant to the amount of back pay particular employees are entitled to, the remaining issues can be decided in a single hearing.
Enforcement of the Board’s order is granted to the extent indicated by this opinion and the case is remanded for proceedings consistent with it.
. Although the wording of the telegrams varied, their messages were substantially the same. For instance, one telegram dated October 18 at 2:27 p.m., stated, “Report to work at 141 West 35th Street New York City on Thursday October 19 at 8 A.M.” Another, sent on Tuesday, September 19 at 12:13 p.m., read, “Report to work Wednesday morning.” Still another said simply, “Report to work immediately.”
. The nature of the industry has relevance to the meaning of an offer of reinstatement. If the offer is to fill a particular opening on a permanent basis, it might be inferred that the employer needed an answer within a particular time or would hire another. If employment is secured through a daily shape-up, an offer stating a single date may not require immediate acceptance since adequate numbers of employees may be otherwise available.
. The ALJ also stated that if the offers were ultimately determined to be valid, he would find as a fact that none of the mailgrams was received. While the three employees who testified denied receiving the mailgrams, the record contains confirmations from Western Union that the 53 were sent. While an isolated case of non-receipt is possible, the ALJ’s generalized finding must be, and is, rejected out of hand.
. So far as we can determine from the papers submitted, only three employees testified.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD v. CONSOLIDATED DRESS CARRIERS, INC., Greenberg's Express, Inc., GRG Delivery, Inc., Clothing Carriers Corp., Dynamic Delivery Corp., JHT Leasing Corp., and Trucking Personnel, Inc.
- Cited By
- 1 case
- Status
- Published