Salazar v. Commissioner
Salazar v. Commissioner
Opinion of the Court
SUMMARY ORDER
Appellants Claude E. Salazar and Dana L. Salazar (collectively, “Taxpayers”) appeal pro se from the Tax Court’s decisions entered on February 25, 2008 and June 2, 2008, sustaining the collection by levy of unpaid employment taxes for the calendar quarters ending December 31, 1998, through June 30, 2001, and unpaid personal income taxes for the years 1997, 1998, and 1999. We assume the parties’ familiarity with the underlying facts, the procedural history, and the issues on appeal.
Taxpayers jointly operated an art gallery in Nevada that was organized in Mr. Salazar’s name as a sole proprietorship. Certain of the gallery’s employment taxes were not paid from 1998 to 2001, and the Taxpayers failed to pay their personal income taxes for the years 1997, 1998, and 1999. In January 2001, Taxpayers filed for Chapter 13 protection, which was later converted to a Chapter 7 proceeding. The Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) filed a proof of claim, later amended, in the bank
On October 27, 2003, during the course of the bankruptcy proceeding, the IRS issued a notice of intent to levy for Taxpayers’ unpaid income taxes. This notice informed Taxpayers that they had the right to a collection due process (“CDP”) hearing with the IRS Appeals Office. Taxpayers asked for a hearing, during which they submitted an offer-in-compromise (“OIC”) to the Appeals Office seeking to resolve all outstanding income tax liabilities. Thereafter, having reviewed the IRS Internal Revenue Manual (“IRM”), the Appeals Office rejected Taxpayers’ OIC, explaining that accepting it could jeopardize the IRS’s ability to collect an additional $20,000 from the Taxpayers’ bankruptcy distribution, and noting that Taxpayers had declined to increase their offer by that amount.
On February 22, 2006, the IRS issued an additional notice of intent to levy Mr. Salazar’s assets to satisfy the employment tax liability. He likewise asked for a CDP hearing, during which he indicated that he wished the Appeals Office to reconsider its decision not to accept the first OIC. He further objected to the accrual of post-petition interest and to the IRS’s decision to apply Taxpayers’ joint bankruptcy distribution solely to the employment tax liability. Mr. Salazar then submitted a second OIC in an effort to settle all of Taxpayers’ liabilities. After a hearing, the Appeals Office rejected the second OIC, finding that the IRS’s reasonable collection potential far exceeded the amount offered. The Appeals Office then issued a notice of determination sustaining the levy.
Taxpayers filed separate petitions in the Tax Court,
Three primary arguments
We review the Tax Court’s decisions de novo, and therefore we stand in the shoes of the Tax Court and review the Appeals Office’s determinations for abuse of discretion where the underlying liability is not at issue and de novo when it is. See Robinette v. Comm’r, 439 F.3d 455, 462 (8th Cir. 2006); see also Living Care Alternatives of Utica, Inc. v. United States, 411 F.3d 621, 625, 628-31 (6th Cir. 2005).
Taxpayers insist that the Appeals Office’s rejection of their OIC, (1) based on Taxpayers’ refusal to increase their offer to account for the IRS’s possible recovery
Taxpayers next argue for abatement of interest on their tax liabilities because of an alleged delay in distribution of funds by the bankruptcy trustee. As to this claim, the Tax Court noted that the IRS “was no more in control over the distribution of the bankruptcy proceeds than were [Taxpayers]” and held that the IRS was not prohibited from seeking interest for the time period that Taxpayers’ bankruptcy proceeding was pending. See Salazar, T.C. Memo 2008-38, 2008 WL 495313, at *12 (citations omitted). In reaching its conclusion, the Tax Court relied in part upon Woodward v. United States, 113 B.R. 680, 684 (Bankr.D.Or. 1990), in which the court explained that most courts that have considered the issue of whether a debtor remains liable for post-petition interest have found the Supreme Court’s decision in Bruning v. United States, 376 U.S. 358, 84 S.Ct. 906, 11 L.Ed.2d 772 (1964), controlling.
We, too, believe that Bruning v. United States, whatever its full scope may be, precludes these Taxpayers from arguing that post-petition interest could not accrue on non-dischargeable tax liability. See 376 U.S. at 360, 84 S.Ct. 906 (explaining that “logic and reason indicate that post-petition interest on a tax claim excepted from discharge ... should be recoverable in a later action against the debtor personally”); see also In re Johnson Elec. Corp., 442 F.2d 281, 284 (2d Cir. 1971). Moreover, Taxpayers would have remained liable on their non-dischargeable liability— including interest — even had the IRS not filed a proof of claim in their bankruptcy proceeding. See 11 U.S.C. § 523(a)(1)(A). Therefore, we find Taxpayers’ claim that the IRS is not entitled to collect post-petition interest to be without merit.
Finally, Taxpayers ai*gue that the Tax Court erred in permitting the IRS to apply Taxpayers’ bankruptcy distribution to the employment tax liability. Here, we review the Tax Court’s conclusion of law de novo. See Sunik v. Comm’r, 321 F.3d 335, 337 (2d Cir. 2003); 26 U.S.C.
We have considered Taxpayers’ remaining arguments and find them to be without merit. Accordingly, the decisions of the Tax Court are hereby AFFIRMED.
. Taxpayers originally filed a single joint petition in the Tax Court challenging the Appeals Office’s rejection of their first OIC. However, because the employment tax liability was not part of the initial levy, that portion of the petition was dismissed for lack of jurisdiction.
. An additional argument, concerning the IRS's ability to assess statutory penalties during the pendency of Taxpayers’ bankruptcy case, has been resolved by the parties.
Case-law data current through December 31, 2025. Source: CourtListener bulk data.