National Labor Relations Board v. Atlantic Veal & Lamb, Inc.
National Labor Relations Board v. Atlantic Veal & Lamb, Inc.
Opinion of the Court
SUMMARY ORDER
The National Labor Relations Board (the “NLRB” or “Board”) petitions for enforcement of two of its orders directing Atlantic Veal & Lamb, Inc. (“Atlantic Veal”) to compensate the discriminatee, Jeorge Ogando (“Ogando”), for lost wages. We assume the parties’ familiarity with the underlying facts, the procedural history of the case, and the issues presented for review, which we reference only as necessary to explain our decision.
Under Section 10(c) of the National Labor Relations Act (the “Act”), the Board is empowered “to take such affirmative action including reinstatement of employees with or without back pay, as will effectuate
Once the Board’s General Counsel has established the gross amount of backpay due, the burden shifts to the employer to prove that the discriminatee is ineligible for backpay or is owed a lesser amount. See Mastro Plastics Corp., 354 F.2d at 175-79. Backpay “is not available to an employee who has suffered a willful loss of earnings,” Ferguson Elec. Co., 242 F.3d at 434, or concealed interim earnings from the Board, Am. Navigation Co. v. Adams, 268 NLRB 426, 427 (1983). After the Board calculates an award, our review of it is limited, see, e.g., TNT USA Inc. v. NLRB, 208 F.3d 362, 366-67 (2d Cir. 2000), such that we “must enforce the Board’s order where its legal conclusions are reasonably based, and its factual findings are supported by substantial evidence on the record as a whole,” NLRB v. Katz’s Delicatessen of Houston St., Inc., 80 F.3d 755, 763 (2d Cir. 1996). However, “[substantial evidence is more than a mere scintilla. It means such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.” Universal Camera Corp. v. NLRB, 340 U.S. 474, 477, 71 S.Ct. 456, 95 L.Ed. 456 (1951) (internal quotation marks omitted). Thus, reversal on a factual question is proper where “after looking at the record as a whole, we are left with the impression that no rational trier of fact could reach the conclusion drawn by the Board.” Katz’s Delicatessen, 80 F.3d at 763 (internal quotation marks omitted).
Atlantic Veal declined to challenge the Board’s first Supplemental Decision and Order, dated May 28, 2010. Because the “party challenging the Board’s remedial choice has the burden of proving that the Board abused its discretion in making [its] determination,” G & T Terminal Packaging Co., 459 Fed.Appx. at 22, the petition for enforcement of that order is granted. By contrast, Atlantic Veal contests the Board’s Second Supplemental Decision and Order, dated June 27, 2012, on two separate grounds. First, Atlantic Veal argues that the record does not support the Board’s finding that Ogando “diligently” sought employment in the last quarter of 2001. Second, Atlantic Veal asserts that it established that Ogando concealed interim earnings from the Board for the period from January 1, 2002 through June 7, 2004. Only Atlantic Veal’s second argument has merit.
The Board will toll a discriminatee’s backpay for failure to mitigate. Grosvenor Orlando Assocs., Ltd., 350 NLRB 1197, 1198-99 (2007). However, “the ultimate burden of proving a wil[l]ful loss is on the employer,” Heinrich Motors,
Concerning Atlantic Veal’s second argument, “discriminatees found to have willfully concealed from the Board their interim employment will be denied back-pay for all quarters in which they engaged in the employment so concealed.” Am. Navigation Co., 268 NLRB at 427. “It is the Respondent’s burden to prove willful concealment.” Cibao Meat Prods., 348 NLRB 47, 48 (2006). At the evidentiary hearing, Ogando testified that he worked sporadically in light construction from 2002 through June 7, 2004, when he was hired by a grocer. Ogando also submitted tax returns supporting his account. However, Atlantic Veal submitted multiple documents undercutting Ogando’s claim. These documents demonstrated, inter alia, that Ogando had reported two jobs in the relevant period on his job application for the grocer, that he received a check for $500 from one of these purported employers in 2003, that Ogando reported an annual income of $66,123.00 on a mortgage application in 2003, and that the W-2 submitted in support of the application corroborated that claim. Ogando also purchased a home during this period. While Ogando provided explanations for each of these discrepancies, and was aided by occasionally supportive testimony from a friend, the Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”) — initially and on remand — deemed Ogando’s account incredible. In light of the evidence, the ALJ denied Ogando backpay for the period. The Board reversed. The Board concluded that it was “unnecessary to pass on the [ALJ’s] credibility determinations,” because the ALJ had not made “affirmative findings of fact” regarding Ogando’s work history; instead, the Board was left to “interpret conflicting documentary evidence” — namely, Ogando’s tax returns and the mortgage application, job application, W-2 form, pay stubs, and check. Because uncertainties should be resolved in favor of the “backpay claimant rather than the respondent wrongdoer,” United Aircraft Corp., 204 NLRB at 1069, the Board determined that Atlantic Veal had failed to establish its defense.
We have considered all of Atlantic Veal’s remaining arguments and find them to be without merit. Accordingly, we GRANT the petition for enforcement of the first Supplemental Decision and Order, dated May 28, 2010; GRANT the petition for enforcement of the Second Supplemental Decision and Order, dated June 27, 2012, insofar as it concerns the last quarter of 2001; and DENY the petition for enforcement of the Second Supplemental Decision and Order insofar as it concerns the period from January 1, 2002 through June 7, 2004.
. Though the Second Supplemental Decision and Order suggests that Ogando is due $666.84 per week in overtime, as well as an "additional” $4,001.04, the Board clarified at oral argument that it awarded Ogando only $4,001.04 for wages and overtime for this six-week period.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD v. ATLANTIC VEAL & LAMB, INC.
- Status
- Published