12-4265 (L) Talipov v. Holder BIA Page, IJ A097 532 645 UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

SUMMARY ORDER RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT’S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION “SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.

1 At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals 2 for the Second Circuit, held at the Thurgood Marshall United 3 States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New York, 4 on the 19th day of November, two thousand fourteen. 5 6 PRESENT: 7 DENNIS JACOBS, 8 DEBRA ANN LIVINGSTON, 9 SUSAN L. CARNEY, 10 Circuit Judges. 11 _____________________________________ 12 13 BAKHROM TALIPOV, 14 Petitioner, 15 16 v. 12-4265 (L); 17 13-586 (Con) 18 NAC 19 ERIC H. HOLDER, JR., UNITED STATES 20 ATTORNEY GENERAL, 21 Respondent. 22 _____________________________________ 23 24 FOR PETITIONER: Stacy Caplow, Of Counsel, Brooklyn 25 Law School Legal Services Crop., 26 Brooklyn, NY. 27 28 1 FOR RESPONDENT: Stuart F. Delery, Assistant Attorney 2 General; Cindy S. Ferrier, Assistant 3 Director; Sunah Lee, Trial Attorney, 4 Office of Immigration Litigation, 5 United States Department of Justice, 6 Washington, D.C. 7 8 UPON DUE CONSIDERATION of these petitions for review of

9 decisions of the Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”), it is

10 hereby ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that the petitions for

11 review in Dkt. No. 12-4265 (L) and Dkt. No. 13-586 (Con) are

12 DENIED.

13 Petitioner Bakhrom Talipov, a native of the former

14 Soviet Union and citizen of Uzbekistan, seeks review of a

15 September 27, 2012 order of the BIA, affirming the September

16 20, 2011 decision of an Immigration Judge (“IJ”), which

17 denied asylum, withholding of removal, and relief under the

18 Convention Against Torture (“CAT”), In re Bakhrom Talipov,

19 No. A097 532 645 (B.I.A. Sept. 27, 2012), aff’g No. A097 532

20 645 (Immig. Ct. N.Y. City Sept. 20, 2011), and a February 8,

21 2013 decision of the BIA denying his timely motion to

22 reopen, In re Bakhrom Talipov, No. A097 532 645 (B.I.A. Feb.

23 8, 2013). We assume the parties’ familiarity with the

24 underlying facts and procedural history in this case.

25

26

2 1 Petition for Review in Dkt No. 12-4265 (L)

2 Under the circumstances of this case, we review the

3 decisions of both the IJ and the BIA. Yun-Zui Guan v.

4 Gonzales,

(2d Cir. 2005). The applicable

5 standards of review are well established. See 8 U.S.C.

6 § 1252(b)(4)(B); see also Yanqin Weng v. Holder,

(2d Cir. 2009); Xiu Xia Lin v. Mukasey,

162, 165-66 (2d Cir. 2008) (per curiam).

9 A. Credibility. For applications such a Talipov’s,

10 governed by the REAL ID Act, the agency may base a

11 credibility finding on an applicant’s demeanor, the

12 plausibility of his account, and inconsistencies in his

13 statements, without regard to whether they go “to the heart

14 of the applicant’s claim.”

(b)(1)(B)(iii);

15 Matter of J-Y-C-,

(B.I.A. 2007).

16 “We defer therefore to an IJ’s credibility determination

17 unless, from the totality of the circumstances, it is plain

18 that no reasonable fact-finder could make such an adverse

19 credibility ruling.” Xiu Xia Lin, 534 F.3d at 167.

20 Talipov does not contest the agency’s reliance on his

21 inconsistent testimony regarding when his passport was

22 stolen and has therefore waived review of that

3 1 determination. Talipov also concedes that he testified

2 inconsistently about when he received his civil summonses.

3 Although he argues that this inconsistency was not material,

4 the agency may base a credibility finding on inconsistencies

5 that do not go “to the heart of the applicant’s claim.” 8

(b)(1)(B)(iii). The agency therefore did not

7 err in basing the credibility finding on these

8 inconsistences.

9 Talipov contends that the agency erred by treating the

10 omissions from his supporting affidavit as inconsistencies.

11 However, for purposes of analyzing a credibility

12 determination, “[a]n inconsistency and an omission are . . .

13 functionally equivalent.” Xiu Xia Lin, 534 F.3d at 166.

14 Specifically, the agency relied on the omission from

15 Talipov’s affidavit of the allegation that the individuals

16 who struck him with their car were wearing national security

17 officer uniforms. This omission was significant because it

18 was the driver’s status as a government agent that furnished

19 a nexus between the harm of being struck by the car and a

20 protected ground. See

(a)(42).

21 Talipov also challenges the agency’s reliance on other

22 omissions. But while the omissions may be minor, the agency

4 1 was entitled to rely on their cumulative effect. Tu Lin v.

2 Gonzales,

(2d Cir. 2006).

3 The agency’s adverse credibility determination also

4 rests soundly on implausibilities in Talipov’s account. See

5

(b)(1)(B)(iii). Some of them are not in

6 themselves significant, and Talipov’s explanations could be

7 deemed plausible. However, the agency was not required to

8 credit explanations unless they would be compelling to a

9 reasonable fact-finder. Cf. Majidi v. Gonzales,

(2d Cir. 2005).

11 Having called Talipov’s credibility into question, the

12 agency reasonably determined that it was further undermined

13 by Talipov’s failure to provide corroboration. See 8 U.S.C.

14 § 1158(b)(1)(B)(ii). Failure to corroborate an applicant’s

15 testimony may bear on credibility, either because the

16 absence of particular corroborating evidence is viewed as

17 suspicious, or because the absence of corroboration makes an

18 applicant unable to rehabilitate testimony that has already

19 been called into question. See Biao Yang v. Gonzales, 496

(2d Cir. 2007) (per curiam). Talipov concedes

21 that he failed to provide: (1) any article published under

22 his own name; (2) articles published in the state-run

23 newspaper exposing his pseudonym; or (3) medical records 5 1 from his 2006 beating, which (he claimed) resulted in a

2 severe concussion, treatment by a neurosurgeon, and biannual

3 return visits to the hospital to receive two-week-long

4 injection therapy. His assertion that the IJ held him to an

5 overly stringent corroboration standard is therefore

6 misplaced.

7 Based on the foregoing, the IJ’s adverse credibility

8 determination is supported by substantial evidence: it

9 cannot be said “that no reasonable fact-finder could make

10 such an adverse credibility ruling.” Xiu Xia Lin,

. The agency therefore did not err in denying asylum,

12 withholding of removal, and CAT relief because all three

13 claims shared the same factual predicate. See Paul v.

14 Gonzales,

(2d Cir. 2006); Xue Hong Yang v.

15 U.S. Dep’t of Justice,

(2d Cir. 2005).

16 B. Due Process. Talipov raises a due process

17 challenge to the IJ’s conduct of proceedings, based on: the

18 proceedings lasted too long and thereby impaired the

19 assessment of his credibility; he appeared via video

20 conference; and the IJ excessively interrupted him with

21 questions. However, Talipov does not show how any of these

22 supposed deficiencies impaired the assessment of his

23 credibility, and it is unclear how the credibility finding-- 6 1 which was properly based on inconsistencies, omissions, the

2 implausibility of his account, and a lack of corroborative

3 evidence--could have been impaired by the IJ’s questioning,

4 the length of the proceedings, or the use of video

5 conferencing. In short, Talipov’s due process challenge

6 fails because he does not “allege some cognizable prejudice

7 fairly attributable to the challenged process.”

8 Garcia-Villeda v. Mukasey,

(2d Cir. 2008).

9

10 Petition for Review in Dkt No. 13-586 (Con).

11 We review the BIA’s denial of a motion to reopen for

12 abuse of discretion. See Ali v. Gonzales,

, 517

13 (2d Cir. 2006) (citing INS v. Doherty,

, 322-23

14 (1992)). “A motion to reopen proceedings shall not be

15 granted unless it appears to the [BIA] that evidence sought

16 to be offered is material and was not available and could

17 not have been discovered or presented at the former

18 hearing.”

(c)(1) (2005). Failure to offer

19 such evidence is, therefore, a proper ground on which the

20 BIA may deny a motion to reopen, as is the movant’s failure

21 to establish a prima facie case for the underlying

22 substantive relief sought. Abudu, 485 U.S. at 104-05.

23 However, the BIA has an obligation to consider the “record 7 1 as a whole,” and it may be an abuse of discretion to deny a

2 motion to reopen without addressing “all the factors

3 relevant to [a] petitioner’s claim.” Ke Zhen Zhao v. U.S.

4 Dep’t of Justice,

, 97 (2d Cir. 2001).

5 A. Journalism and Human Rights Activism. The BIA did

6 not err in declining to reopen proceedings on the basis of a

7 letter from Talipov’s work acquaintance, corroborating the

8 existence of Zones Grises. As the BIA observed, the letter

9 recounted events that took place from 2005 to 2006 and was

10 therefore neither new nor previously unavailable. See

11 Norani v. Gonzales,

, 294 & n.3 (2d Cir. 2006).

12 The letter writer asserted that she at first ignored an

13 April 2011 email from Talipov’s counsel because she thought

14 it was spam; but the BIA did not err in finding that Talipov

15 failed to establish that his evidence was still unavailable

16 by the time the merits hearing concluded. Cf. 8 U.S.C.

17 § 1254(b)(4).

18 The BIA also did not err in denying reopening on the

19 basis of the Russian internet database printout reflecting

20 an outstanding warrant for Talipov in Uzbekistan. See Jian

21 Hui Shao v. Mukasey,

(2d Cir. 2008)

22 (observing that motions to reopen must be supported by

23 “reliable” evidence). The BIA reasonably determined that 8 1 this evidence was unreliable because the database was not

2 well-established and there was insufficient information

3 concerning its affiliations. See Xiao Ji Chen v. U.S. Dep’t

4 of Justice,

(2d Cir. 2006) (holding that

5 the weight accorded to the applicant’s evidence in

6 immigration proceedings lies largely within the discretion

7 of the agency).

8 B. Transgender Identity. The BIA did not abuse its

9 discretion in denying reopening based on the evidence

10 concerning Talipov’s male-to-female transgender identity.

11 The BIA concluded that evidence of Talipov’s transgender

12 identity and sexual orientation could have been presented at

13 his merits hearing because Talipov was aware of his gender

14 identity since childhood. Talipov relies on evidence that

15 he only recently began hormone therapy, started using

16 makeup, started wearing women’s clothes, and began living

17 openly as a male-to-female transgender person. These events

18 may have been recent, but for all the record shows, the

19 recent hormonal therapy may have had no obvious outward

20 effect, and he could at any time have assumed a woman’s

21 habit and presentation. See Singh v. Gonzales,

135, 139 (2d Cir. 2006) (“Motions to reopen are designed to

23 allow consideration of circumstances that have arisen 9 1 subsequent to the applicant’s previous hearing.”). In

2 short, Talipov’s gender identity evidence was not new or

3 previously unavailable because it shows only the recent

4 expression by him of his unchanged psychological self-

5 perception.

6

7 Pending Motions

8 A. Additional Evidence. The government moves to

9 strike Talipov’s reply, which contains evidence outside the

10 administrative record but does not advance legal arguments.

11 Talipov moves for inclusion of his additional evidence,

12 which relates to his physical transformation as a

13 male-to-female transgender person, in the administrative

14 record. Because our review is limited to the administrative

15 record upon which each final order is based, 8 U.S.C.

16 § 1252(b)(4)(A), we grant the government’s motion to strike

17 Talipov’s reply and deny Talipov’s motion to supplement the

18 record with additional evidence.

19 B. Case Captions. Talipov moves to amend the case

20 captions in Dkt. Nos. 12-4265 (L) and 13-586 (Con) to

21 reflect his legally changed name: Victoria Jacobs. His

22 motion is supported by an order from the Civil Court of the

23 City of New York reflecting his name change. The government 10 1 does not oppose Talipov’s request. We grant the motion to

2 amend the case captions to reflect Talipov’s legally changed

3 name.

4

5 For the foregoing reasons, the petitions for review in

6 Dkt. No. 12-4265 (L) and Dkt. No. 13-586 (Con) are DENIED.

7 It is further ORDERED that the government’s motion to strike

8 Talipov’s reply and Talipov’s motion to amend the case

9 captions are GRANTED and that Talipov’s motion for inclusion

10 of his additional evidence is DENIED.

11 As we have completed our review, any stay of removal

12 that the Court previously granted in these petitions is

13 VACATED, and any pending motion for a stay of removal in

14 these petitions is DISMISSED as moot. Any pending request

15 for oral argument in these petitions is DENIED in accordance

16 with Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 34(a)(2), and

17 Second Circuit Local Rule 34.1(b).

18 FOR THE COURT: 19 Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk 20 21

11