23-63-cv Singh v. Mem’l Sloan Kettering Cancer Ctr., et al.

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

SUMMARY ORDER

RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT’S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION “SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING TO A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.

At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New York, on the 28th day of October, two thousand twenty-four.

PRESENT: DENNIS JACOBS, SARAH A. L. MERRIAM, Circuit Judges, JOHN P. CRONAN, District Judge. * __________________________________________

MANISHA SINGH,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

v. 23-63-cv

MEMORIAL SLOAN KETTERING CANCER CENTER; SLOAN KETTERING INSTITUTE FOR CANCER RESEARCH; DR. N.V. KISHORE PILLARSETTY;

* Judge John P. Cronan of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, sitting by designation.

1 MD STEVEN M. LARSON,

Defendants-Appellees. __________________________________________

FOR PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT: MANISHA SINGH, proceeding pro se, New York, NY.

FOR DEFENDANTS-APPELLEES: TERRI LYNN CHASE, Jones Day, New York, NY.

Appeal from a judgment of the United States District Court for the Southern

District of New York (Daniels, J.).

UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED,

AND DECREED that the December 21, 2022, judgment of the District Ccourt is

AFFIRMED.

Appellant Manisha Singh sued her former employer, Memorial Sloan Kettering

Cancer Center (“MSKCC”), and others associated with MSKCC, for “unlawful

discrimination on the basis of sex, including quid pro quo sexual harassment, hostile

work environment, disparate treatment and unlawful retaliation” under Title VII of the

Civil Rights Act of 1964, New York state law, and the New York City Human Rights

Law. App’x at 59. She also brought “common law tort claims including civil battery,

defamation per se and intentional and negligent infliction of emotional distress.” App’x

at 60. Specifically, Singh alleged that her direct supervisor, Dr. N.V. Kishore Pillarsetty,

engaged in a pattern of harassment and discrimination against her and, when she reported

this, defendants retaliated against her by terminating her employment. See id.

2 After some counts were resolved in favor of defendants and others were

voluntarily withdrawn by Singh, the matter proceeded to trial before a jury. The jury

returned a verdict for defendants on all but one claim; the jury found for Singh on her

claim that Pillarsetty had “intentionally committed battery by making offensive bodily

contact with plaintiff without her consent” and that he had done so “wantonly and

maliciously.” App’x at 1593-94. The jury awarded Singh $50,000 in compensatory

damages and $200,000 in punitive damages on that claim.

Singh moved for a new trial only with respect to the amount of compensatory

damages awarded on her battery claim; she did not move for a new trial on any of the

claims on which the jury found for defendants. See App’x at 1596-97 (motion for new

trial limited to question of compensatory damages award). The District Court denied the

motion, finding that there were “several plausible and rational explanations for the

verdict reached by the jury.” Singh v. Mem’l Sloan Kettering Cancer Ctr., No.

1:17CV03935(GBD),

, at *4 (S.D.N.Y. Dec. 14, 2022).

Singh, who was represented by counsel at trial and on post-trial motions, proceeds

pro se on appeal. She challenges the denial of her request for a new trial on damages, and

also asserts for the first time on appeal that she should have received a new trial on the

issues of sexual harassment and retaliation, and that the District Court should have found

MSKCC liable for battery, based on the jury’s finding that Pillarsetty had committed

battery. We assume the parties’ familiarity with the remaining facts, the procedural

3 history, and the issues on appeal, which we recite here only as necessary to explain our

decision to affirm.

I. Motion for New Trial on Compensatory Damages

We begin by addressing the only issue raised by Singh in the District Court that

she pursues on appeal: that she was entitled to a new trial on the adequacy of the

compensatory damages award on her civil battery claim. We review the denial of a Rule

59 motion for a new trial for abuse of discretion. See Mirlis v. Greer,

(2d

Cir. 2020). A district court may order a new trial under Rule 59(a) only if “it is convinced

that the jury . . . reached a seriously erroneous result or that the verdict is a miscarriage of

justice.” Ali v. Kipp,

(2d Cir. 2018) (citation and quotation marks

omitted). “A party appealing a district court’s denial of a Rule 59 motion because of a

seemingly insufficient damages award in light of a liability verdict bears a heavy

burden.”

When a party points to “an apparent inconsistency” in a jury verdict, “we

must adopt a view of the case, if there is one, that resolves any seeming inconsistency,

making every attempt to reconcile the jury’s findings.”

(citation and quotation

marks omitted).

We find no abuse of discretion in the District Court’s denial of the motion for new

trial. The District Court carefully evaluated the evidence, identifying several plausible

explanations for the jury’s decision to award $50,000 in compensatory damages. For

example, the District Court noted that the jury might have credited Singh’s testimony

about the unwanted touching, but not her uncorroborated claims about its sexual nature or

4 extent. See Singh,

, at *3-4. The District Court also considered

precedent, finding that the award in this case was “comparable to the size of awards

granted in cases involving very similar claims,” and that cases cited by Singh in which

juries had awarded higher damages had generally involved “more harm than emotional

distress alone.” Id. at *4.

The District Court did not abuse its discretion in concluding that, based on the trial

evidence and relevant cases, the jury’s compensatory award to Singh was reasonable.

Accordingly, we affirm the denial of Singh’s motion for a new trial.

II. Other Issues Raised on Appeal

Singh contends that she is also entitled to a new trial on some of the claims on

which the jury found for defendants. As she concedes in her reply brief, we ordinarily do

not address on appeal, in the first instance, matters that could have been, but were not,

raised before the district court. “It is a well-established general rule that an appellate

court will not consider an issue raised for the first time on appeal.” Red Tree Invs., LLC v.

Petróleos de Venezuela, S.A.,

, 174 (2d Cir. 2023) (alteration and citation

omitted). We may find an argument forfeited where, as here, an appellant failed to

present it to the district court for review in the first instance. See

Singh, through

counsel, filed a lengthy motion for new trial limited strictly to the question of

compensatory damages on the civil battery claim, and a memorandum in reply to

defendants’ opposition. The motion papers discussed Singh’s allegations of harassment at

length but made no claim that the jury’s verdict for defendants on the harassment claim

5 was wrong. See generally App’x at 1596-1623. Her reply memorandum expressly

acknowledged that “plaintiff may not have sufficiently established that Pillarsetty took

adverse employment action or retaliated against her in response to her complaints about

his sexual advances.” Singh v. Mem’l Sloan Kettering Cancer Ctr., No.

1:17CV03935(GBD), Doc. #242 at 5 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 11, 2022). In these circumstances,

Singh has forfeited any argument that she was entitled to a new trial on her other claims.

We have the “discretion to entertain new arguments where necessary to avoid a

manifest injustice or where the argument presents a question of law and there is no need

for additional fact-finding,” but we normally will not exercise that discretion “where

those arguments were available to the parties below and they proffer no reason for their

failure to raise the arguments below.” Mhany Mgmt., Inc. v. Cnty. of Nassau,

(2d Cir. 2016) (citations and quotation marks omitted). Singh offers no

explanation for the failure to raise these arguments below, and we do not believe any

manifest injustice would result if we decline to consider them for the first time on appeal.

Furthermore, Singh challenges the retaliation and harassment verdicts only on the

ground that she believes the trial evidence was sufficient to support a verdict in her favor,

rather than in defendants’ favor. See, e.g., Appellant’s Br. at 44 (“[T]he jury erred in not

finding Appellee liable for sexual harassment and retaliation. There was a plethora of

evidence showing that Appellant endured relentless, wanton, and malicious offensive

touching by the Appellee in the form of sexual harassment, during her employment.”).

Indeed, Singh summarizes the relief she seeks on appeal as follows: “Appellant seeks

6 judgment as a matter of law on the ground that the evidence introduced at trial did not

support the jury’s findings.” Appellant’s Br. at 48. This is a weight-of-the-evidence

argument. Even if Singh had properly raised such an argument in a motion for a new trial

at the District Court, “a district court’s denial of a motion for new trial on weight-of-the-

evidence grounds is not reviewable on appeal.” Rasanen v. Doe,

(2d

Cir. 2013).

Accordingly, we decline to consider Singh’s arguments regarding the weight of

the evidence for the first time on appeal.

* * *

We have considered Singh’s remaining arguments and find them to be without

merit. 1 Accordingly, we AFFIRM the judgment of the District Court.

FOR THE COURT:

Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk of Court

1 We have also considered Singh’s letter filed April 25, 2024, in which she “demand[s] restitution for the egregious injustices perpetrated against” her by MSKCC, which she contends “have not only irreparably damaged my professional reputation and personal well-being but have also thwarted my lifelong dedication to cancer research.” Appellant’s Letter, Singh v. Mem’l Sloan Kettering Cancer Ctr., No. 23-63, Doc. #184 at 4 (2d Cir. Apr. 25, 2024). To the extent this letter should be construed as a motion for independent relief, it is DENIED. 7