23-6454 Robbs v. McCrystal

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

SUMMARY ORDER

RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT’S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION “SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING TO A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.

At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New York, on the 27th day of March, two thousand twenty-four.

PRESENT:

DENNY CHIN, SUSAN L. CARNEY, RICHARD J. SULLIVAN, Circuit Judges. _____________________________________

ROBERT F. ROBBS,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

v. No. 23-6454

KEVIN MCCRYSTAL, GINA BURNS, CARY FRESTON,

Defendants-Appellees. ∗

∗ The Clerk of Court is respectfully directed to amend the official case caption as set forth above. For Plaintiff-Appellant: Robert F. Robbs, pro se, Hartford, CT.

For Defendants-Appellees: Edward Rowley, Assistant Attorney General, for William Tong, Attorney General for the State of Connecticut, Hartford, CT.

Appeal from a judgment of the United States District Court for the District

of Connecticut (Alfred V. Covello, Judge; Maria E. Garcia, Magistrate Judge).

UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED,

ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that the April 3, 2023 judgment of the district court

is AFFIRMED.

Robert F. Robbs, proceeding pro se, appeals the district court’s grant of

summary judgment in favor of Defendants Kevin McCrystal, Gina Burns, and Dr.

Cary Freston – employees of the State of Connecticut Department of Correction

(“DOC”) – on Robbs’s claims that they were deliberately indifferent to his safety

and medical needs while he was incarcerated in violation of the Eighth

Amendment. Robbs also challenges the district court’s prior dismissal of his

related claims and its denial of his motions for the appointment of counsel. We

assume the parties’ familiarity with the facts, procedural history, and the issues on

appeal, to which we refer only as necessary to resolve this appeal. In 2020, Robbs filed a complaint against several DOC employees alleging

various civil rights violations in connection with falls he suffered, one in 2016 and

one in 2017, while incarcerated at the MacDougall-Walker Correctional Institution.

Reviewing the complaint pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(b), the district court

dismissed most of Robbs’s claims – including those arising from his 2016 fall – but

allowed the case to proceed on his Eighth Amendment claims against Burns,

McCrystal, and Freston. Defendants moved for summary judgment on these

remaining claims. The parties thereafter consented to proceed before a

magistrate judge, who granted summary judgment for Defendants.

On appeal, Defendants assert that Robbs has forfeited any challenge to the

district court’s judgment by failing to identify any claims of error by the district

court in his brief on appeal. We agree.

Although we “liberally construe pleadings and briefs submitted by pro se

litigants, reading such submissions to raise the strongest arguments they suggest,”

McLeod v. Jewish Guild for the Blind,

(2d Cir. 2017) (internal

quotation marks omitted), pro se appellants must still comply with Federal Rule of

Appellate Procedure 28(a), which requires appellants “to provide the court with a

clear statement of the issues on appeal,” Moates v. Barkley,

(2d Cir.

2 1998). Thus, “even a litigant representing himself is obliged to set out identifiable

arguments in his principal brief.” Terry v. Inc. Vill. of Patchogue,

, 632–

33 (2d Cir. 2016) (internal quotation marks omitted). Accordingly, a pro se litigant

will be deemed to have “abandon[ed] an issue by failing to address it in the

appellate brief.” Green v. Dep’t of Educ. of City of N.Y.,

(2d Cir.

2021).

As Defendants note, Robbs’s brief does not raise any specific challenges to

the district court’s decisions. Instead, his four-page submission refers in passing

to his asserted injuries, his purported right to counsel, and the limitations of being

a pro se litigant. See Robbs Br. at 1–4. “[W]e need not manufacture claims of error

for an appellant proceeding pro se.” LoSacco v. City of Middletown,

(2d Cir. 1995); see Gerstenbluth v. Credit Suisse Sec. (USA) LLC,

, 142 n.4

(2d Cir. 2013) (explaining that a pro se litigant forfeited challenge to district court’s

ruling that was mentioned “obliquely and in passing”). Nor must we consider

the additional arguments and factual recitations asserted for the first time in

Robbs’s reply brief, which in any case, likewise fails to identify any claims of error

for appellate review. See Knipe v. Skinner,

(2d Cir. 1993)

(“Arguments may not be made for the first time in a reply brief.”); Joseph v. Leavitt,

3

, 93–94 (2d Cir. 2006) (declining to address pro se litigant’s arguments

not raised in his opening brief). We therefore conclude that Robbs has forfeited

any challenge to the district court’s judgment on appeal.

We have considered Robbs’s remaining arguments and find them to be

without merit. Accordingly, we AFFIRM the judgment of the district court.

FOR THE COURT: Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk of Court

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