This is a declaratory judgment case. The plaintiff, Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company (Nationwide), brought a declaratory judgment action against the defendant insurance companies1 seeking a declaration with respect to the rights of the insurance companies “as applicable to the indemnification of John W. Snyder, owner, and Melvin Plunkard, driver, of a dump truck” involved in an accident in September, 1957. The trial judge denied the plaintiff’s prayer for a decree relieving it of responsibility for the defense of the parties sued in an action in Butler County, Pennsylvania, and said that the effect of his holding “simply is that plaintiff defend the parties sued.” He also declined to grant any re*92lief in terms of the respective liabilities of the insurance companies for any recovery which might be had. 188 F.Supp. 377, D.C.W.D.Pa.1960. This was not the result which Nationwide was seeking and it appeals.

There are three insurance companies involved. Nationwide insured Snyder. Fidelity & Casualty Company of New York insured Sechan. United States Fidelity and Guaranty Company insured Ralph Myers Construction Company (Myers). Snyder is a trucker. Myers was building a road up in Butler County and Sechan was doing hauling of material for Myers.

On the day of the accident in question Snyder sent some of his trucks to the Myers job and they were put to work in the road building project of Myers. A Snyder truck driven by a man named Plunkard collided with a passenger car driven by a man named Cushey. Cushey was hurt. An occupant of the car named Blakely was killed and another passenger named Neupert2 was badly injured.

Blakely’s administrator sued, in the Common Pleas Court of Butler County, Cushey, Plunkard, Snyder, Sechan and Myers. Cushey, Plunkard and Snyder settled for $5,000. Who actually paid the money we do not know.3

Cushey sued Plunkard, Snyder, Sechan and Myers in Butler County, Pennsylvania. A compulsory non suit was granted, and the case is presently before that court on a motion to remove the non suit. Neupert is also suing the same defendants in the same court. And Neupert' is also adding Cushey as a defendant.

The reason for this controversy among the insurance companies is that each, claims that the policy issued by it has an. excess insurance clause. Not unnaturally, each company insists that it is only liable under the excess clause in the policy it has issued. And each wants someone else to take the main burden.

The trial judge was in error in-giving directions to Nationwide to defend these suits on behalf of the other insurance companies. But the trial judge-was right in refusing to settle all the relations of the insurers among themselves. This is not a proper case for a declaratory judgment at this stage.4 Each of these companies has insured some one or more of the persons involved in this-Butler County litigation. How that litigation will come out nobody knows at. this time. If all the law suits fail then-there will be no money paid out by any of the insurance companies. If one or more of them succeed as against someone or more of the defendants that will-raise, in due time, the question of who-has the primary responsibility for paying. But at this time nobody is under any liability to pay. Federal courts are not authorized to give advisory opinions 5- and if we told the insurance companies-their respective rights and duties against each other we certainly would be giving an advisory opinion.6 Each of the insurance companies has issued an insurance-*93policy. It is called upon under the terms of that policy to defend its insured if action is brought against him. Such actions have been brought. It is impossible for us to say in this action where the insureds are not parties that any company is relieved of its duty to defend.

The judgment will be reversed and the case remanded to the trial court with the directions to dismiss.