Gelman v. Westinghouse Electric Corp.
Opinion of the Court
OPINION OF THE COURT
Appellants are plaintiffs in three consolidated cases pending in the Western District of Pennsylvania against Westinghouse Electric Corporation and certain of its officers and agents, alleging claims arising under § 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, 15 U.S.C. § 78j(b), and Securities and Exchange Commission Rule 10b-5, 17 C. F.R. § 240.10b-5 (1974). Appellants seek to represent a class of all individuals who sold shares of Westinghouse common stock during the period May 2, 1974 and December 27, 1974. The gravamen of the charge is not particularly relevant to the disposition of the instant appeal. On November 24, 1976, the district court denied plaintiffs' motions for class certification, holding that neither the predominance nor the superiority tests of Fed.R.Civ.P. 23(b)(3) were met. Appellants requested that the order denying class certification be amended to include a statement, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1292(b), that an immediate appeal should be permitted. The district court denied this request. Appellants, nevertheless, filed a notice of appeal. They also filed a petition
Appellants point out that claims under § 10(b) are governed by the analogous state statute of limitations. Kubik v. Goldfield, 479 F.2d 472, 477 n.12 (3d Cir. 1973). They suggest that the most likely applicable Pennsylvania statute of limitations is § 504(a) of the Pennsylvania Securities Act of 1972, 70 P.S. § l-504(a). Section 504(a) provides for a time bar in securities fraud actions of three years after the transaction constituting the violation or one year after actual notice of the facts constituting it, whichever is shorter. Assuming, without deciding, that § 504(a) is the applicable statute of limitations, the facts suggest that the limitations period would run for one year as of August 12, 1975, the date on which appellants learned of the facts constituting the violation. However, under the rule of American Pipe and Construction Co. v. Utah, 414 U.S. 538, 94 S.Ct. 756, 38 L.Ed.2d 713 (1974), the filing of appellants’ class action complaint on August 26, 1975, tolled the running of the statute of limitations for the entire class, at least until the district court ruled on the class certification question. The appellants fear, however, that the district court’s November 24, 1976 denial of class certification will start the statute running again; and, when coupled with the Hackett rule of nonappealability, deprive the class members of meaningful appellate review. They urge that by the time this court reviews the propriety of the district court’s denial of class certification the statute of limitations will have run,
If appellants’ fears were well founded there might be an argument for reconsideration of the Hackett rule. We think, however, that the proper procedure is that announced in Esplin v. Hirschi, 402 F.2d 94, 101 n.12 (10th Cir. 1968), cert. denied, 394 U.S. 928, 89 S.Ct. 1194, 22 L.Ed.2d 459 (1969).
Implicit in our reasoning, of course, is the assumption that an individual plaintiff such as Gelman who prevails in the district court will have standing to appeal from the denial of class action treatment as a representative of the potential class.
Since appellants will suffer no prejudice should we determine at a later date that the district court erred in denying class certification, the reasons advanced for reconsidering Hackett do not apply.
The motion to dismiss the appeal will be granted.
. The trial of the merits of appellants’ case is not scheduled to commence until September 26, 1977. Since, under Hackett, the class certification issue cannot be reviewed until a final judgment is rendered in the district court, it is unlikely that this court would have an opportunity to review that issue until after the expiration of the statute of limitations.
. Cf. Romasanta v. United Airlines, Inc., 537 F.2d 915 (7th Cir. 1976), cert. granted sub nom., United Airlines, Inc. v. McDonald, 429 U.S. 998, 97 S.Ct. 523, 50 L.Ed.2d 608 (1976). See also Union Carbide & Carbon Corp. v. Nisley, 300 F.2d 561 (10th Cir. 1961); York v. Guaranty Trust Co., 143 F.2d 503 (2d Cir. 1944), rev’d on other grounds, 326 U.S. 99, 65 S.Ct. 1464, 89 L.Ed. 2079 (1945).
Reference
- Full Case Name
- George GELMAN v. WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION George SHULOF, suing on behalf of himself and all other persons similarly situated v. WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION Paul E. SLATER, on behalf of himself and all other persons similarly situated v. WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION, a Pennsylvania Corporation George Gelman, Fannie Mann, George Shulof and Paul E. Slater, in the above-captioned consolidated actions, suing on behalf of themselves and all other persons similarly situated
- Cited By
- 6 cases
- Status
- Published