*118 OPINION OF THE COURT

We need not review the background of this case because this opinion is only for the benefit of the parties. We affirm the Magistrate Judge’s grant of summary judgment to the Department of Corrections on all three of the plaintiffs legal theories. Specifically, we reject the plaintiffs claims on appeal that he has raised a genuine issue of material fact as to a hostile work environment, discriminatory termination, and retaliation.

Summary judgment is appropriate when the record discloses no genuine issue of material fact and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(c); see also Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 247-48, 106 S. Ct. 2505, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986). Once the movant demonstrates by reference to the record the absence of genuine issues of material fact, the non-moving party must “go beyond the pleadings” and demonstrate that a reasonable factfinder could return a verdict in his favor. Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 324, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986); Anderson, 477 U.S. at 247. Our review of a grant of summary judgment is plenary. City of Erie v. Guaranty Nat’l Ins. Co., 109 F.3d 156, 159 (3d Cir. 1997).

The Magistrate Judge held that the incidents Buchanan alleged “were [not] sufficiently severe or pervasive” to constitute a hostile work environment as a matter of law. We agree. To prevail on a hostile work environment claim a plaintiff must establish that he was detrimentally affected by pervasive and severe intentional racial discrimination and that such a reaction was reasonable under the circumstances. Andrews v. City of Philadelphia, 895 F.2d 1469, 1482 (3d Cir. 1990). Because Buchanan neglected to identify items in the record from which a reasonable factfinder could conclude that the alleged incidents manifested racial animus, the Magistrate Judge correctly granted summary judgment to the Department on this issue. The single factual allegation relating directly to race, although arguably severe, lacks the requisite pervasiveness.

The Magistrate Judge also rejected Buchanan’s claim that the Department terminated him because of his race. Buchanan alleges that the ostensible reason for his termination was merely a pretext for latent racial hostility, invoking the rule of McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S. 792, 93 S.Ct. 1817, 36 L.Ed.2d 668 (1973). Under this standard,

(1) the plaintiff bears the burden of establishing a prima facie case of discrimination; (2) the burden then shifts to the defendant, who must offer a legitimate non-discriminatory reason for the action; and (3) if the defendant satisfies this burden, the plaintiff must then come forth with evidence indicating that the defendant’s proffered reason is merely a pretext.

McNemar v. Disney Store, Inc., 91 F.3d 610, 619 (3d Cir. 1996). Since the Department satisfied its burden of offering a nondiscriminatory justification for Buchanan’s termination, the burden shifted to the plaintiff to put forward facts that reasonably suggest a pretext. Here, Buchanan establishes at most that the Department’s adherence to its termination protocol was haphazard. The Magistrate Judge’s grant of summary judgment was nevertheless appropriate because Buchanan points to no evidence that the proffered reason was a surrogate for an invidious motive or otherwise insincere. Thus, Buchanan has failed to meet his burden under the third prong of the test.

Finally, the Magistrate Judge held that Buchanan failed to establish a prima facie *119 case of retaliation. A plaintiff alleging retaliation must demonstrate a causal connection between engaging in protected activity and a subsequent adverse employment action. Robinson v. City of Pittsburgh, 120 F.3d 1286, 1299 (3d Cir. 1997). In order to constitute an adverse employment action, an employer’s “conduct [must] rise to the level of a violation of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(a)(1) or (2).” Id. at 1300-1301. Buchanan’s allegations in this regard are legally deficient, and, moreover, fail to establish the necessary causal connection.

The judgment is therefore affirmed.