United States v. Sims
Opinion of the Court
OPINION OF THE COURT
This is a sentencing appeal. Defendant Robert Sims was convicted on 17 counts stemming from his involvement in a large-scale drug trafficking organization in 1994. He was sentenced to multiple life sentences, to run concurrently, and an additional 40 years to run consecutively. On direct appeal, we affirmed the convictions and sentence.
In 1997, Sims filed a pro se motion under 28 U.S.C. § 2255 to vacate, set aside, or correct his sentence, alleging ineffective assistance at trial and arguing that conviction for carrying and using a firearm in connection with drug trafficking should be set aside under Bailey v. United States, 516 U.S. 137, 116 S.Ct. 501, 133 L.Ed.2d 472 (1995). The District Court denied all claims associated with ineffective assistance of counsel but vacated the firearm conviction. Additionally, the District Court vacated two convictions of conspiracy pursuant to Rutledge v. United States, 517 U.S. 292, 116 S.Ct. 1241, 134 L.Ed.2d 419 (1996), and ordered Sims re-sentenced on several drug-related convictions because those counts actually involved cocaine rather than cocaine base. Ultimately, the District Court resentenced Sims to 360 months to run concurrently for each of nine counts (as well as five other shorter concurrent sentences) and an additional 10 years to run consecutively for violation of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c).
This latest appeal followed. Sims alleges that the District Court committed error in reappointing his trial counsel as counsel for resentencing and that his new sentence violated the rule set forth in Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466, 120 S.Ct. 2348, 147 L.Ed.2d 435 (2000), by basing a sentence on a drug weight not found by a jury. For reasons discussed below, both arguments fail.
Sims’ remaining contention is that, absent a finding by a jury of a specific drug quantity, the statutory maximum for his crimes should be 20 years, pursuant to 21 U.S.C. § 841(b)(1)(C). He claims that his sentence of 360 months violates the rule announced in Apprendi by exceeding the statutory maximum based on an element not proven to a jury. Sims is incorrect. Among other crimes, he was convicted of distributing cocaine within 1,000 feet of a school. 21 U.S.C. § 860. This crime carries a maximum statutory sentence of 40 years, irrespective of the drug quantity. Sims’ sentence therefore did not exceed the statutory maximum and Apprendi is not triggered.
Furthermore, Sims’ argument that Apprendi should apply is untimely. Sims did not make an Apprendi claim until after the disposition of his first habeas petition when he filed a motion for correction of sentence pursuant to Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 35(a). He again repeated this argument in a motion to dismiss the indictment. In denying both motions, the District Court properly recognized that Sims’ efforts to amend his original petition were impermissible attempts to present a successive habeas petition without approval from this Court. As we explained in United States v. Duffus, 174 F.3d 333 (3d Cir. 1999), cert. denied, 528 U.S. 866, 120 S.Ct. 163, 145 L.Ed.2d 138 (1999), once the statute of limitations for the original petition has run “an amendment to introduce the new theory into the case.. .is simply not acceptable.” Id. at 338.
For these reasons, the judgment of the District Court will be affirmed.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- United States v. Robert SIMS: a/k/a Mohammed a/k/a Mo Robert Sims
- Status
- Published