OPINION

Merita Gjok Dodaj, a native and citizen of Albania, petitions for review of the final order of the Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”). For the reasons that follow we will grant the petition and remand to the BIA for further proceedings.

I.

Dodaj and her husband attempted to enter the United States with false passports in 1999. Dodaj conceded her remov-ability for attempting to enter the United States without proper documents, and sought asylum and withholding of removal. The Immigration Judge (“IJ”) found Do-daj’s testimony not credible and denied her application for relief. 1 The BIA affirmed by opinion dated February 12, 2003, agreeing with the IJ’s adverse credibility finding and declining to address the merits of the asylum claim. The BIA noted that although there may have been explanations for some of the inconsistencies cited by the IJ, there were nonetheless other important problems that remained unexplained. Do-daj now petitions for review pro se. 2 As we write solely for the parties, we will not set forth the detailed factual background of this appeal.

II.

Although the BIA noted that some of the inconsistencies identified by the IJ may have been questionable, it did not specify which inconsistencies were problematic and essentially deferred to the IJ’s findings. Accordingly, we review the IJ’s adverse credibility finding. See Abdulai v. Ashcroft, 239 F.3d 542, 549 n. 2 (3d Cir. 2001). Adverse credibility findings are reviewed under the substantial evidence standard, whereby we uphold the credibility determination unless the record evidence compels a reasonable factfin-der to make a contrary determination. *291 Chen v. Ashcroft, 376 F.3d 215, 222 (3d Cir. 2004). However, we will affirm only if the determination is based on “specific, cogent reasons” that are “appropriately based on inconsistent statements, contradictory evidences, and inherently improbable testimony ... in view of the background evidence on country conditions.” Dia v. Ashcroft, 353 F.3d 228, 249 (3d Cir. 2003) (quotations omitted). Adverse credibility determinations “based on speculation or conjecture, rather than on evidence in the record, are reversible.” Id.

III.

The IJ’s adverse credibility determination was based on purported discrepancies in and the circumstances surrounding Do-daj’s Democratic Party membership card. Upon review, we find that the IJ’s conclusions about the membership card are not supported by the record. The IJ’s faulting of Dodaj for not knowing when the membership card was issued failed to take into account the male-dominated nature of Albanian culture and, in particular Northern Albania where Dodaj lived. See A.R. 416, 673, 820. The IJ’s conclusion that Dodaj’s card was fraudulent because it was numbered consecutively to her husband’s card that was issued a year later was speculative, particularly in light of the testimony that Dodaj and her husband had been registered as married and Dodaj was using her husband’s name at the time her card was issued. See A.R. 345-46, 382, 384. The IJ’s view that being a member of a political party consists of more than having a relative bring you a membership card failed to consider Dodaj’s explanation that she presented the card as evidence of her belief in democracy, A.R. 417, as opposed to demonstrating active participation in the party. Lastly, the IJ’s reliance on the lack of corroborating evidence that Dodaj had otherwise used her husband’s name prior to the family marriage ceremony was not based on a proper analysis of the need for and/or ability to provide corroborating evidence. See Dia, 353 F.3d at 253 (requiring IJ to (1) identify the facts for which it is reasonable to expect corroboration; (2) determine whether corroboration has been provided; and (3) determine whether an adequate explanation has been given for failing to provide corroboration). Accordingly, we will reverse the adverse credibility determination.

The BIA did not reach the merits of the asylum and withholding of removal claims, and therefore we will remand the matter to the BIA for further proceedings. The government’s motion for summary affir-mance is denied.