Hackley v. Bledsoe
Opinion of the Court
OPINION
Appellant Wilbert Hackley was sentenced on May 11, 1979 in United States
The Parole Commission conducted an initial parole hearing for Hackley on the federal sentences on June 24,1996. It was noted in the Notice of Action relating to this hearing that Hackley had been in federal custody for a total of 146 months as of June 30, 1996 (indicating that his federal sentence began to run on the date he was sentenced). See Response to Petition, Exhibit 8. The Commission found his total federal parole guideline range to be 204 + months to be served prior to parole. Id. This decision of more than 48 months above the minimum guideline was warranted, in the Commission’s view, because of the brutal nature of the killing, and Hackley’s particular contribution to it. Id. The Commission denied parole, and ordered that Hackley serve another 15 years of his sentence prior to his next reconsideration hearing, which was scheduled for June 2011. Id.
Hackley received a statutory interim hearing on June 3, 1998, after which the Parole Commission ordered no change in the prior order that he serve to a 15-year reconsideration hearing. The Commission conducted an interim hearing on June 6, 2000, after which it ordered no change. Again, after a July 1, 2002 hearing, the Commission ordered no change. After interim hearings on June 24, 2004, and again on May 4, 2006, the Commission ordered no change in its order that Hackley serve to a 15-year reconsideration hearing in June 2011. The Commission most recently heard Hackley on April 28, 2008. The Commission again ordered no change in its prior order. On administrative appeal, the National Appeals Board affirmed this decision.
On August 11, 2008, Hackley filed a petition for writ of habeas corpus pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2241 in United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania, claiming that the Parole Commission violated § 235(b)(3) of the Sentencing Reform Act, 18 U.S.C. § 3551 et seq., and Lyons v. Mendez, 303 F.3d 285 (3d Cir. 2002), by not giving him a release date. He also claimed that the Commission disregarded its “rule” that a prisoner who has served 30 years in prison is presumptively entitled to release, and argued there is no rational basis for his having to spend more than 30 total years in custody. The Magistrate Judge filed a Report and Recommendation, in which he recommended that the habeas corpus petition be denied. In an order entered on March 3, 2009, 2009 WL 585505, the District Court adopted the
We will summarily affirm under Third Circuit LAR 27.4 and I.O.P. 10.6, because it clearly appears that no substantial question is presented by this appeal. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We exercise plenary review over the District Court’s conclusion of law that Hackley could not be afforded any relief. See, e.g., Fowler v. U.S. Parole Comm’n, 94 F.3d 835, 837 (3d Cir. 1996); Barden v. Keohane, 921 F.2d 476, 479 (3d Cir. 1990). We conclude that Lyons is inapplicable to Hackley and the Parole Commission has no current obligation under § 235(b)(3) to set a final release date. Furthermore, Hackley is not eligible for mandatory parole after spending 30 total years in custody; he is only eligible for mandatory parole after serving two-thirds of each component of his federal sentence.
The Sentencing Reform Act created new sentencing procedures in the federal system, replacing “indeterminate sentences and the possibility of parole with determinate sentencing and no parole.” Lyons, 303 F.3d at 288-89 (quoting Walden v. U.S. Parole Comm’n, 114 F.3d 1136, 1138 (11th Cir. 1997)). It abolished the Parole Commission and repealed federal parole statutes, but § 235 provided a savings provision to keep the Commission and parole statutes in effect for a period of transition to the new system. Walden, 114 F.3d at 1138. These transition sections apply to offenses committed before the Act’s effective date, which includes Hackley. Lyons, 303 F.3d at 288. As originally enacted in 1984, section 235(b)(3) provided that the Commission shall set a release date before the expiration of five years after the effective date of the Act. See id. at 288 n. 3. As explained by the District Court, since its original enactment, section 235(b)(3) has been continually amended to extend the five year savings provision for the Commission and parole statutes, see District Court Memorandum, at 5; see also Walden, 114 F.3d at 1138-39, and the Parole Commission and parole statutes are currently set to expire on October 31, 2011, see Pub.L. No. 110-312, § 2,122 Stat. 3013 (August 12, 2008) (extending savings provision by 24 years after effective date of Sentencing Reform Act).
The Parole Commission has never had to apply § 235(b)(3), because the commencement of the winding up process has been continuously postponed by Congress. The Commission’s scheduled abolition currently is October 31, 2011, and it will not have an obligation to set a release date for Hackley until just before that time. Accordingly, the District Court did not err in concluding that the Parole Commission did not violate the Sentencing Reform Act by failing to set a release date for Hackley in the year 2008. The District Court also properly denied Hackley’s motion for reconsideration, wherein he attempted to raised a different statutory argument concerning the Parole Commission’s 1996 decision in his case. See Harsco Corp. v. Zlotnicki, 779 F.2d 906, 909 (3d Cir. 1985) (purpose of motion for reconsideration “is to correct manifest errors of law or fact or to present newly discovered evidence”).
To the extent Hackley intended to raise an ex post facto argument, we conclude that Lyons, 303 F.3d 285, does not apply
Last, Hackley’s claim that the Commission violated his due process rights by failing to release him after service of 30 years in custody is meritless. The applicable statute provides:
A prisoner, serving a sentence of five years or longer, who is not earlier released under this section or any other applicable provision of law, shall be released on parole after having served two-thirds of each consecutive term or terms, or after serving thirty years of each consecutive term or terms of more than forty-five years including any life term, whichever is earlier: Provided, however, That the Commission shall not release any such prisoner if it determines that he has seriously or frequently violated institution rules and regulations or that there is a reasonable probability that he will commit any Federal, State, or local crime.
18 U.S.C. § 4206(d). See also 28 C.F.R. § 2.53(a).
Hackley’s two-thirds date, as computed by the Federal Bureau of Prisons, is April 30, 2034. This is correct, because, properly read, the statute requires service of two-thirds of “each consecutive term or terms,” that is, service of 30 years on the life sentence (“after serving thirty years of each consecutive term or terms of more than forty-five years including any life term”), to which is added service of two-thirds of the remaining 30-year aggregate sentence, or 20 years. The statute requires Hackley to serve 50 years, and, given that his federal sentences commenced on May 1, 1984, the mandatory parole date calculated by the BOP is correct. Hackley has not yet served two-thirds of his life plus 30 years federal sentence, and he has no current mandatory right under § 4206(d) to be released on parole.
For the foregoing reasons, we will summarily affirm the orders of the District Court denying the habeas corpus petition and motion for reconsideration.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Wilbert E. HACKLEY, Jr. v. Warden BLEDSOE
- Cited By
- 3 cases
- Status
- Published