The Mound Coal Company, J. C. McKinley, and Nelson C. Hubbard filed a bill of complaint in the circuit court for Marshall county, in the state of West Virginia, against the Mound City Coal Company and others, under which, on the 12th of October, 1915, the Dollar Savings & Trust Company, one of the defendants to the bill, was appointed by the state court receiver of all the property of the Mound City Coal Company. On the 10th of February, 1916, a petition for involuntary bankruptcy was filed against the Mound City Coal Company in the District Court of the United States for the Northern District of West Virginia, and on the 2d of March, 1916, that company was adjudicated bankrupt, and thereafter the Security Trust Company, a West Virginia corporation, was appointed trustee in bankruptcy. Thereupon the Dollar Savings & Trust Company, the receiver in tho proceedings in the state court, voluntarily turned over all the real and personal property of the bankrupt to the trustee in bankruptcy and the .trustee took possession of the same. All the creditors of the bankrupt proved their claims before the referee in bankruptcy. The appraisers appointed by the referee appraised the assets of the bankrupt estate at about $204,000. The claims secured by lien were found to amount to about $140,000, and the -unsecured claims to about $75,000.

Thereafter the receiver in the state court, the Dollar Savings & Trust Company, and the complainants in the state court proceedings, viz., Mound Coal Company, Nelson C. Hubbard, and J. C. McKinley, filed a petition before the referee in bankruptcy, praying that all the property of the bankrupt be returned by the bankrupt court to the receiver in the state court, to be dealt with by the state court, viz., the circuit court of Marshall county. This petition was refused by the referee in bankruptcy, and the petitioners thereupon filed a petition praying the District Court to review and reverse the order of the referee.

On the 11th of December, 1916, the District Judge filed his order reversing the order of the referee, and remanded the proceeding to the referee, with instructions to enter an order directing the trustee in bankruptcy to surrender up and deliver to the receiver in the state court all the proi)erty of the bankrupt, and further directing the trustee to seek by petition to intervene in the state court and ask that court to modify its decree, so as to provide that, before any sale of the property or any distribution of the proceeds of such sale be made, the validity of the liens thereon and the order of priority, may be determined, and to provide that the trustee in bankruptcy be afforded full opportunity to *250contest the validity or extent of any and all such liens, and to direct that any surplus funds arising from the sale or operation of the property, after payment of all proper costs, charges, and expenses of the suit and the receivership, should be paid over to the trustee in bankruptcy. The decree of the District Judge further provided that the District Court of the United States reserved and retained the right to take exclusive jurisdiction of the bankrupt estate and administer it, and to stay the proceedings in the state court, if that court should deny to the trustee the right to intervene, or deny to the trustee the -relief which the trustee was by the decree directed to seek in the state court.

[1] The present petition before this court is to review and revise the action of the District Court, and to reverse its order of the 11th of December, 1916. From the facts set out in the record it appears that the assets of the bankrupt estate exceeded its admitted lien debts by some $64,000. There is a claim of some $80,000 (additional to the sum of $140,000 allowed by the referee) to have a lien on the assets, but this claim was disallowed by the referee. In any event, it appears a very serious question whether this $80,000 be entitled to rank as a lien debt or a debt at all. If its lien be finally disallowed, then there should be a fund of some $60,000 to be administered for the benefit of the unsecured creditors. Such being the case, it would seem that the bankrupt estate should be administered by the bankrupt court. Where the admitted and uncontested liens on any part or portion of the bankrupt estate clearly exceed the value of that property, so as that it is manifest that under no circumstances there can be any fund therefrom to be administered for the unsecured creditors, the courts of bankruptcy have exercised the discretion of permitting the lien creditors to realize on their securities in their own way, either by permitting proceedings already commenced in state courts for that purpose to proceed or by permitting the lien creditors to exercise any powers of sale they may have, or to initiate proceedings in any court of competent jurisdiction they prefer, to realize on their security. This has been done upon the theory that, inasmuch as in such cases the property really belongs to the lien creditors, the bankrupt court is not required to burden it with the expense of an administration in bankruptcy, if the lien creditors prefer another method or tribunal for the administration.'

There is no reason why the property of a lien creditor should be unduly burdened with the cost of an administration solely for the benefit of the general .creditors, nor will the bankrupt court ordinarily impose that burden on a lien creditor at the instance of a general creditor, where it is manifest that the particular property is worth less than the liens thereon, or that there are no assets in excess of the liens. Where, however, there is any surplus, or any reasonable ground for inferring there may be a surplus or equity in the property, that would inure to the benefit of the general creditors, or there is any division of agreement among the lien creditors entitled as to the method or tribunal of administration, it is usually the course of the bankrupt court, in pursuance of its exclusive jurisdiction, to take charge of the liquidation and administration of the assets, because it is impossible under such circumstances for the estate to be properly administered in more than one *251íribtroa!. If the bankrupt court were to await the action of the state tribunals iu ascertaining surplus assets and determining questions concerning the existence and rank of liens, the administration of the estate in the bankrupt court might lie in abeyance for an indefinite period — ■ iKTiisps [or years — before the trustee in bankruptcy would receive from those courts the assets he should administer.

This would be to subvert'the spirit and purpose of the Bankrupt Act (Act July 1, 1898, c. 541, 30 Stat. 544), which contemplates and requires a speedy and uniform liquidation and administration. It is thus the duty of the bankrupt court, charged with the administration of the estate, to take charge of all the assets under such circumstances, and determine all questions relating to them, and it is likewise the duty of all other tribunals of otherwise concurrent jurisdiction to surrender possession 1o the proper court for that purpose.

[üj The learned judge who made the order in the court below was therefore in error under the circumstances of this case in directing the trustee in bankruptcy to turn over the bankrupt estate to the receiver in the state court, lie was also in error in directing the trustee to turn it over loaded with the conditions that, if that tribunal denied the relief the trustee was directed to ask, then the United States court of bankruptcy reserved the right to take back the possession of the property'. The action of judicial tribunals of competent jurisdiction cannot be indicated or required in advance. If tlie property in question should properly be turned over to the state court, it should be turned over without reservation or condition as to the after judicial action of that court.

The decree of the District Court of the 11th of December, 1917, is accordingly reversed, and the cause is remanded to that court, to retain the possession of all the assets directed in that decree to be surrendered, and to proceed with the administration of the bankrupt estate in due course of law.

Reversed.