USCA4 Appeal: 24-6016      Doc: 16         Filed: 05/31/2024    Pg: 1 of 3




                                            UNPUBLISHED

                               UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                   FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT


                                              No. 24-6016


        LEO BRANDON FARNSWORTH,

                            Plaintiff - Appellant,

                     v.

        UNITED STATES OF AMERICA DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY,

                            Defendant - Appellee.



        Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, at
        Norfolk. Arenda L. Wright Allen, District Judge. (2:22-cv-00511-AWA-DEM)


        Submitted: April 25, 2024                                         Decided: May 31, 2024


        Before NIEMEYER and HARRIS, Circuit Judges, and FLOYD, Senior Circuit Judge.


        Remanded by unpublished per curiam opinion.


        Leo Brandon Farnsworth, Appellant Pro Se. Ellen Page DelSole, Bethany B. Hauser, Carl
        D. Wasserman, Tax Division, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE,
        Washington, D.C., for Appellee.


        Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.
USCA4 Appeal: 24-6016      Doc: 16          Filed: 05/31/2024     Pg: 2 of 3




        PER CURIAM:

               Leo Brandon Farnsworth, a Virginia inmate, appeals the district court’s order

        dismissing his civil action for failure to prosecute. After conducting a preliminary review

        of Farnsworth’s complaint pursuant to 

(e)(2), 1915A, the court ordered

        him to file an amended complaint clarifying his claim(s) within 21 days of entry of the

        court’s order. When Farnsworth failed to do so, the court dismissed the action without

        prejudice under Fed. R. Civ. P. 41(b).

               Our review of the district court’s docket indicates that Farnsworth filed a

        postjudgment motion within 28 days of entry of the court’s dismissal order. Farnsworth

        asserted that because of delays caused by the Virginia Department of Corrections’ mailing

        system, he had not received the court’s order until after the deadline to amend his complaint

        had expired. Farnsworth sought to voluntarily dismiss the action or, alternatively, for

        additional time to comply with the court’s order.

               Courts must liberally construe pleadings filed by pro se litigants like Farnsworth,

        see Erickson v. Pardus, 

 (2007), and it is the substance of those pleadings,

        rather than their labels, that is determinative, United States v. Winestock, 

        (4th Cir. 2003) (recognizing “the longstanding practice of courts to classify pro se

        pleadings . . . according to their contents, without regard to their captions”), abrogated in

        part on other grounds by United States v. McRae, 

 (4th Cir. 2015). In

        light of these standards, we construe Farnsworth’s motion, which remains pending in the

        district court, as a motion to alter or amend the judgment under Fed. R. Civ. P. 59(e). We

        remand this case for the limited purpose of permitting the district court to make a ruling on

                                                      2
USCA4 Appeal: 24-6016     Doc: 16         Filed: 05/31/2024    Pg: 3 of 3




        the motion. The record, as supplemented, will then be returned to this court for further

        consideration.

                                                                                  REMANDED




                                                   3