USCA4 Appeal: 25-1871 Doc: 8 Filed: 12/01/2025 Pg: 1 of 2

UNPUBLISHED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT

No. 25-1871

RILEY THORNOCK, Plaintiff - Appellant, v. THE CITY OF SALEM, VIRGINIA, Defendant - Appellee.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, at Richmond. Roderick Charles Young, District Judge. (3:25-cv-00413-RCY)

Submitted: November 25, 2025 Decided: December 1, 2025

Before WYNN and RICHARDSON, Circuit Judges, and KEENAN, Senior Circuit Judge.

Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.

Riley Thornock, Appellant Pro Se.

Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.

USCA4 Appeal: 25-1871 Doc: 8 Filed: 12/01/2025 Pg: 2 of 2

PER CURIAM: Riley Thornock appeals the district court’s order dismissing without prejudice his civil complaint for improper venue. ∗ On appeal, we confine our review to the issues raised in the informal brief. See 4th Cir. R. 34(b). Because Thornock’s informal brief does not challenge the basis for the district court’s disposition, he has forfeited appellate review of the court’s order. See Jackson v. Lightsey, 775 F.3d 170, 177 (4th Cir. 2014) (“The informal brief is an important document; under Fourth Circuit rules, our review is limited to issues preserved in that brief.”). Accordingly, we affirm the district court’s judgment.

We dispense with oral argument because the facts and legal contentions are adequately presented in the materials before this court and argument would not aid the decisional process.

AFFIRMED

∗ The district court’s order is a final, appealable order because the court did not grant Thornock leave to amend his complaint. Britt v. DeJoy, 45 F.4th 790, 796 (4th Cir. 2022) (en banc) (order).