Johnson v. Mississippi Power Co.
Johnson v. Mississippi Power Co.
Opinion of the Court
This was an action begun in October, 1932, by the appellants, the widow and two minor children of James M. Johnson, deceas
Mississippi statutes provide two procedures for the removal by the chancery court of the county in which a minor resides of his disabilities of minority, each inaugurated by an application made in writing by the minor by his next friend, stating the age of the minor and the names and places of residence of his parents, and if he has no parents, the names and places of residence of. two of his nearest of kin within the third degreé, computed according to the civil law; in one of those procedures the minor’s parents, if they are alive, being made parties defendant, and, if they are not alive, two of such nearest of kin of the minor being made parties defendant (Mississippi Code 1930, §§ 353, 354); and the other procedure being governed by the following provision: “If the minor has no kindred within the prescribed degree whose place of residence is known to him or his next friend, or if any two of such kindred known to him or his co-petitioner shall unite with him in his application, it shall not be necessary to make any person defendant thereto. ■ But the court shall proceed to investigate the merits of such application, and decree thereon as in other eases.” Id. § 355. Statutes also provide that when the proper persons have been made parties to the application, the court shall examine it, and the objections to it, if any, and may hear testimony in open court, in reference thereto, and shall make such decree thereon as may be for the best interest of the minor; and that the decree may be for the partial removal of the disability of the minor so as to enable him to do some particular act proposed to be done and specified in the decree, or it may be general, and empower him to do all acts in reference to his property, and making contracts, and suing and being sued, and engaging in any profession or avocation, which he could do if he was twenty-one years of age. Id. §§ 356, 357. At the time of the death of the deceased neither of the parents of his widow was alive. Two ex parte proceedings for the
“This cause coming on for hearing on the petition of Mrs. Agnes Johnson, a minor, who sues herein by her grandmother and next friend, Mrs. Nancy Hammonds, and upon oral proof, and the Court having heard and considered the same, and being advised in the premises, and it appearing to the Court that the petitioner, Mrs. Agnes Johnson, is a minor, eighteen years of age, and is a widow, and that her husband Jas. M. Johnson, was killed while employed by the Mississippi Power Company, a corporation, and the petitioner has a claim against the said Mississippi Power Company on account of said death, and that she and her next friend are citizens of Harrison County, Mississippi ; that the only adult relatives of said petitioner, within the third degree, are, to-wit: Willis W. Hammonds and Martin N. Hammonds, who are resident citizens of Harrison County, Mississippi, and they have united with said petitioner, Mrs. Agnes Johnson, in said application for the removal of disability of minority of the petitioner, and it further appearing to the Court that the said petitioner has a fair education and good intelligence, and is fully capable of attending to her own business affairs in every respect, a,nd that it is to her interest that her disability of minority be removed generally;
“It is therefore, ordered, adjudged and decreed that the disability of minority of the petitioner, Mrs. Agnes Johnson be and the same hereby is removed, generally and for all purposes, and the said petitioner is authorized to execute any and all instruments and perform all acts the same as if she were twenty-one years of age, and she is especially authorized and enabled to execute a full release and acquittance to the Mississippi Power Company releasing and acquitting the*548 said Mississippi Power Company from any and all liability to her on account of the death of her said husband.”
The jurisdiction of that court to render that decree attached upon the filing of the petition in pursuance of which it was rendered. That petition contained every’ allegation required by statute to be made in an ex parte application for the removal of a minor’s disability. The requirement of the statute as to parties when the application is ex parte was complied with by two of the minor’s next of kin, computed according to the civil law, uniting with her -in the petition. Bazor v. Newman Lumber Co., 133 Miss. 538, 97 So. 761, Eastman-Gardner Co. v. Leverett, 141 Miss. 96, 106 So. 106. There is no merit in a suggestion made in argument for appellants that the petition was defective because of the failure to make the widow’s minor brother and sister parties. The statute does not require the minor’s nearest of kin to be made parties to an ex parte application for the removal of the minor’s disability of minority in which any two of the minor’s nearest of kin within the third degree, computed according to the civil law, unite with the minor. Neither of the above-mentioned decrees purporting to remove the widow’s disability of minority is subject to challenge on the ground that the court which rendered it was without jurisdiction.
A Mississippi statute provides that: “Guardians may be empowered by the court, or chancellor in vacation, to * * * compromise claims due their wards, on the same proceedings, and under the same circumstances prescribed in reference to the sale or compromise by an executor or administrator of claims belonging to the estate of a deceased person. And the guardian in such case is authorized to receive in satisfaction of claims, when to the interest of the ward, property, real or personal, the title to be taken in the name of the ward.” Mississippi Code 1930, § 1886. The Mississippi statute authorizing executors and administrators to compromise claims provides: “The court, or chancellor in vacation, on petition for that purpose, may authorize the executor or administrator to sell or compromise any claim belonging to the estate which cannot be readily collected.” Id. § 1710. Under the statutes referred to, a guardian may be authorized to compromise a claim of the ward for wrongful death. Fox v. Fairchild, 133 Miss. 617, 98 So. 61. The First National Bank of Gulfport, Miss., was, by a court having jurisdiction, appointed guardian of the two minors pursuant to the prayer of its petition, filed June 15, 1929, after the mother of the minors had requested it to make that application. That petition contained an allegation to the effect that the estate of each of the minors consists of a claim against the appellee on account of the death of their father, which occurred while he was engaged as an employee of the appellee. The guardian filed in said chancery court a petition praying that it be authorized to accept an offer by the appellee to pay the sum of $5,-000 — one-third thereof to be paid to the widow and the same amount to each of the minors — in full settlement of the claim against appellee on account of the death of James M. Johnson, and to execute and deliver a full release and acquittance to appellee for all damages and claims against it by said minors by reason of the death of their father. That petition contained allegations to the effect that the deceased came to his death by drowning in West Pascagoula -river following the turning over of a skiff in which he was standing while engaged as an employee of the ap-pellee, “that the skiff was over-turned either by reason of the current caused by the high water, or by reason of the skiff becoming entangled with said guy wire, and, so far as petitioner is able to discover, it is not definitely known just how the said James M. Johnson came to his death, and the claim of said minors against the Mississippi Power Company is therefore in some doubt.” The prayer of that petition was granted by a decree which, after referring to the petition and its prayer, stated: “And the Court, having heard oral testimony thereon and being fully advised in the premises, is of the opinion that said claim is doubtful and that it is to the interest of said minors that the said claim against the Mississippi Power Company be compromised and settled for said amounts.” The jurisdiction of the court to render that decree attached upon the filing of the petition in pursuance of which it was rendered. It is not open to question that, under the above-quoted statute, that petition was effective to bring into play the jurisdiction which was invoked. Neither the appointment of a guardian of the two minors nor the court decree authorizing the guardian to compromise the claims of the minors against the appellee and to execute releases of those claims is invalid on a jurisdictional ground.
After the rendition of the decrees removing the widow’s disability of minority the appellee paid to her one-third of the sum of $5,000, and she executed a release of all
It seems that the first-rendered decree on the subject of the removal of the widow’s disability of minority was effective as a removal generally of such disability, and was not restricted to a removal of such disability only so far as to enable her to execute a receipt to the insurance company which issued a poliey in her favor on the life of her husband. The petition in pursuance of which that decree was rendered prayed “a decree removing her disability of minority so that she may ho able to transact any business, the same as if she were twenty-one years of ag’e,” and the decree rendered on that petition adjudged that her disability of minority “be and Ihe same is hereby removed generally.” But, assuming, without deciding, that that decree was not effective to enable the widow to hind herself by a release of her claim against the appellee on account of the death of her husband, the subsequently rendered decree whieh explicitly empowered her so to hind herself was not shown to be a nullity. The recitals of that decree to the effect that the court (one of general jurisdiction), after hearing and considering the petition and oral proof, and being advised in the premises, found that the widow was fully capable of attending to her own affairs in every respect, and that it was to her interest that her disability of minority be removed generally, import verity, and cannot bo drawn in question in this case. Stephenson v. Kirtley, 269 U. S. 163, 46 S. Ct. 50, 70 L. Ed. 213; Eastman-Gardner Co. v. Leverett, 141 Miss. 96, 108, 106 So. 106. The evidence adduced in the trial did not show that that decree, or the decree authorizing the guardian of the minors to release their claims against the ap-pellee, was procured or brought about by such fraud as would render it subject to he treated as a nullity when attacked collaterally. The judgment of a court having jurisdiction of the parties and the subject-matter is not subject, on collateral attack, to be treated as a nullity because of fraud unless that fraud is extrinsic to the matter tried, amounting to imposition on the court, preventing a real hearing on and consideration of the matter presented for decision. Hilton v. Guyot, 159 U. S. 113, 207, 16 S. Ct. 139, 40 L. Ed. 95; Chaloner v. Sherman, 242 U. S. 455, 37 S. Ct. 136, 61 L. Ed. 427; Lucy v. Deas, 59 Fla. 552, 52 So. 515; Graves v. Graves, 132 Iowa, 199, 109 N. W. 707, 10 L. R. A. (N. S.) 216, 10 Ann. Cas. 1104; Mahoney v. State Ins. Co., 133 Iowa, 570, 110 N. W. 1041, 9 L. R. A. (N. S.) 490. Freeman on Judgments (5th Ed.) § 331; 34 C. J. 566. In behalf of appellants it was suggested that the decrees in question were vitiated by the circumstance that the petitions in pursuance of which they were rendered were prepared and submitted to the court by a lawyer who was an attorney of the appellee. The evidence showed that-the judge who presided in those proceedings was fully aware of the existence of that relationship, and that the widow was present when the case was submitted to the court. The conclusion that the circumstance mentioned resulted in any imposition on the court was fully negatived. Furthermore, evidence adduced in the trial which resulted in the judgment under review supported conclusions expressed in that judgment that the releases in question were valid and binding on the parties affected thereby, were executed for a valuable and substantial consideration in a case of doubtful liability, and that the execution of the releases in behalf of the minors was for their benefit. It was not made to appear that the challenged releases were properly subject in this case to be treated as nullities.
No reversible error appearing in the record, the judgment is affirmed.
Reference
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- JOHNSON v. MISSISSIPPI POWER CO.
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