The State of Louisiana appeals from a judgment of the United States District Court for the Western District of Louisiana vacating a judgment of conviction of the three appellants by the state courts of Louisiana because of the failure of the state trial court to suppress statements elicited from appellants while in custody.

In this pre-Miranda case, we conclude that the trial court properly applied the principles enunciated by the Supreme Court in Davis v. State of North Carolina, 384 U.S. 737, 86 S.Ct. 1761; Fikes v. State of Alabama, 352 U.S. 191, 77 S.Ct. 281, 1 L.Ed.2d 246, 16 L.Ed.2d 895; and Clewis v. State of Texas, 386 U.S. 707, 87 S.Ct. 1338, 18 L.Ed.2d 423, in determining the voluntariness of the confessions here in question. We agree with, and approve of, the opinion and judgment of the trial court as published at 271 F.Supp. (W.D.La.) 176, sub. nom. Progue v. Middlebrook, and we affirm the judgment based on that opinion.