McLean-Behm Steel Erectors, Inc. v. Occupational Safety & Health Review Commission
McLean-Behm Steel Erectors, Inc. v. Occupational Safety & Health Review Commission
Opinion of the Court
Pursuant to 29 U.S.C. § 660(a) (1976), petitioner McLean-Behm seeks review of an order and decision of the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission [Commission] affirming a citation and monetary penalty for violation of certain construction
A construction site inspection by an Occupational Safety and Health Administration officer revealed that petitioner’s employees working on an elevated steel structure did not have continuous protection from falls. The workers wore safety belts while they worked in stationary positions but had no protection as they changed positions. The Secretary of Labor [Secretary] issued a citation to petitioner, a subcontractor engaged in steel erection. The citation charged violation of 29 C.F.R. § 1926.28(a),
At the close of the Secretary’s evidence in the administrative hearing, petitioner moved to dismiss the charge, arguing that a more specific safety regulation applicable to steel erection made general safety regulation section 1926.28(a) inapplicable. Petitioner contended that 29 C.F.R. § 1910.-5(c)(1)
Petitioner then addressed his arguments to section 1926.28(a), the general safety regulation. After the hearing, both parties submitted briefs to the administrative law judge. Pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P. 15(b),
We agree with the administrative law judge that the specific steel erection standard section 1926.750(b)(l)(ii) governs petitioner’s safety practices. When specific standards are applicable to given factual circumstances, they supersede general safety regulations and control. See 29 C.F.R. § 1910.5(e)(1).
Such a quick reversal of direction would be more appropriate on a football field, for it totally ignores the clear and controlling rule of International Harvester Credit Corp. v. East Coast Truck, 547 F.2d 888 (5th Cir. 1977). Under that decision, the unchallenged admission of evidence relevant to both pleaded and unpleaded issues does not imply consent to trial of the unpleaded issues, absent some obvious attempt to raise a new issue. Id. at 890. Because all the proof adduced at the hearing was relevant to the violation originally charged,
Moreover, prejudice requiring reversal resulted from the post-hearing amendment. Elemental fairness proscribes depriving petitioner of its right to present defenses to the charge against it.
For the foregoing reasons, the Commission’s order is set aside and its decision is REVERSED.
. 29 C.F.R. § 1926.28(a) provides:
The employer is responsible for requiring the wearing of appropriate personal protective equipment in all operations where there is an exposure to hazardous conditions or where this part indicates the need for using such equipment to reduce the hazards to the employees.
. 29 C.F.R. § 1910.5(c)(1) provides in pertinent part:
If a particular standard is specifically applicable to a condition, practice, means, method, operation or process, it shall prevail over any different general standard which might otherwise be applicable to the same condition, practice, means, method, operation, or process.
. 29 C.F.R. § 1926.750(b)(l)(ii) provides:
On buildings or structures not adaptable to temporary floors and where scaffolds are not used, safety nets shall be installed and maintained whenever the potential fall distance exceeds two stories or 25 feet. The nets shall be hung with sufficient clearance to prevent contacts with the surface of structures below.
. Fed.R.Civ.P. 15(b) provides:
When issues not raised by the pleadings are tried by express or implied consent of the parties, they shall be treated in all respects as if they had been raised in the pleadings. Such amendment of the pleadings as may be necessary to cause them to conform to the evidence and to raise these issues may be made upon motion of any party at any time, even after judgment; but failure so to amend does not affect the result of the trial of these issues. If evidence is objected to at the trial on the ground that it is not within the issues made by the pleadings, the court may allow the pleadings to be amended and shall do so freely when the presentation of the merits of the action will be subserved thereby and the objecting party fails to satisfy the court that the admission of such evidence would prejudice him in maintaining his action or defense upon the merits. The court may grant a continuance to enable the objecting party to meet such evidence.
. Even photographs and testimony regarding the absence of safety nets was at least marginally relevant to the employer’s violation of the general regulation, section 1926.28(a). Whether the employer supplied any alternative protection was probative of the hazards employees faced while their safety belts were unfastened.
. Indeed, we doubt that consent could ever be implied in the face of a clear statement of one’s position to the contrary.
. Certain defenses are available to one charged with not utilizing safety nets including but not limited to impossibility of installation.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- McLEAN-BEHM STEEL ERECTORS, INC. v. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH REVIEW COMMISSION and F. Ray Marshall, Secretary of Labor
- Cited By
- 14 cases
- Status
- Published